Attention shifts or volatile representations: What causes binding deficits in visual working memory?

Abstract

The current study tested two hypotheses of feature binding memory: The attention hypothesis, which suggests that attention is needed to maintain feature bindings in visual working memory (VWM) and the volatile representation hypothesis, which suggests that feature bindings in memory are volatile and easily overwritten, but do not require sustained attention. Experiment 1 tested the attention hypothesis by measuring shifts of overt attention during the study array of a change detection task; serial shifts of attention did not disrupt feature bindings. Experiments 2 and 3 encouraged encoding of more volatile (Experiment 2) or durable (Experiment 3) representations during the study array. Binding change detection performance was impaired in Experiment 2, but not in Experiment 3, suggesting that binding performance is impaired when encoding supports a less durable memory representation. Together, these results suggest that although feature bindings may be volatile and easily overwritten, attention is not required to maintain feature bindings in VWM.

Keywords:

• Attention
• Binding
• Visual short-term memory
• Visual working memory

Notes

¹Participants made revisits to an object on 22% of all trials. If the object probed at test was revisited, these results were excluded in a separate analysis. This produced the same results as the original analysis. Therefore, the original analysis with no trials excluded was reported.