Changes in perceptual category affects serial dependence in judgements of attractiveness

ABSTRACT

Serial dependence refers to the assimilative pull on a judgement response to a current stimulus from that given to the preceding stimulus and has been demonstrated in low- and higher-level perceptual judgements. We tested whether serial dependence in attractiveness judgements is limited by perceptual categorization by measuring serial dependence in within-category attractiveness judgements of faces (male and female; Experiment 1), scenes (indoor and outdoor; Experiment 2), and cross-category attractiveness judgements (faces and scenes; Experiment 3). Serial dependence was evident for within-category judgements, which weakened with the increasing number of intervening trials. Interestingly, this effect on attractiveness ratings was stronger for consecutive trials of same-sex than different-sex faces but was equivalent for consecutive trials of same- or different-scene types. Furthermore, serial dependency was affected by perceptual categorization as the effect weakened when a change in category occurred across stimuli presented in consecutive trials. A serial contrast effect was also evident whereby a stimulus was rated as less attractive when preceded by an attractive stimulus from a different category. Collectively, these findings suggest that the temporal integration of aesthetic appraisal depends on the category context, with each category requiring distinct evaluation processes, and provide insight into the perceptual nature of attractiveness judgements.

KEYWORDS:

• Serial dependence
• attractiveness
• face perception
• scene perception
• facial attractiveness
• perceptual categorization

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Dr. Gregor Hayn-Leichsenring for analysing the image statistic properties of the scene stimuli.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Notes

1 A priori power analysis indicated a minimum of 24 participants would be required to obtain 80% power for detecting a medium effect size (η_p² ≈ 0.3) based on the conventional .05 criterion of statistical significance.

2 Results of paired-samples t-test on the average reaction times observed between the within-category and mixed-category sessions: t (25) = 0.499, p = 0.021, Cohen’s d = 0.536.

3 This area percentage was calculated using an online area calculator SketchAndCalc^TM.

4 A priori power analysis indicated a minimum of 15 participants would be required to obtain 80% power for detecting a medium effect size comparable to those observed in Experiments 1 & 2 based on the conventional .05 criterion of statistical significance.

5 Indeed, although response times were not used as a measure for serial dependency, we observed an increase in reaction time to trials in which the category changed rather than stayed the same (Mean difference = 215 ms, t(14) = 4.04, p = 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.232).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by a post-graduate scholarship from Trinity College Dublin to PKH.