Internationalising Historical Research on Terrorist Movements in Twentieth-century Europe

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Notes

 [1] We will be using the term ‘terrorism’ despite its obviously contentious nature. On the problems involved in defining this particular form of political violence see: Reinares, “Terrorismus”, 390–405. Most recently, defined terrorism as a specific form of political violence that is executed by small clandestine groups whose sole purpose lies in the pursuit of political demands through the use (or threat) of extreme violence. See: della Porta, “Politische Gewalt und Terrorismus”, 33–58, here 36.

 [2] See, for example: Ulrich Schneckener, Transnationaler Terrorismus, who contrasts the ‘new’ transnational terrorism with the ‘old’, regionally confined terrorism of the past.

 [3] See, for example, the case studies assembled in Radical History Review 85 (2003). See, too: Hoffmann, Inside Terrorism; Waldmann, Terrorismus und Bürgerkrieg; Mommsen, Social Protest; Laqueur, A History of Terrorism; Merkl, Political Violence and Terror; Townshend, Terrorism: A Very Short Introduction.

 [4] See the remarks in Laqueur, The Age of Terrorism , 5–6. More recently: Geyer, War and Terror in Contemporary and Historical Perspective.

 [5] See, for example, Varon, Bringing the War Home as well as della Porta, Social Movements, Political Violence and the State and Jansen, “Brigate Rosse und Rote Armee Fraktion—ProtagonistInnen, Propaganda und Praxis im Terrorismus”, 483–500.

 [6] For this kind of comparison between images of the self and the other, see Sluga, “The Nation and the Comparative Imagination”, 103–14.

 [7] Cf. the ongoing European Forum research project on ‘Political Violence and Terrorism’ at the European University Institute in Florence. See, too: Haupt, “Historische Komparatistik in der internationalen Geschichtsschreibung”, 137–49.

 [8] Tilly, The Politics of Collective Violence.

 [9] See, for example, Patel, “Überlegungen zu einer transnationalen Geschichte”, 632. See too Clavin, “Defining Transnationalism”.

[10] On the transnational dimension of anti-colonial anarchist violence, see the recent stimulating book by Anderson, Under Three Flags.

[11] On the concept of zones, see the forthcoming Oxford University Press series Zones of Violence, edited by Donald Bloxham and Mark Levene. On the concept of violent sub-cultures, see Rieckenberg, Gewaltsegmente.

[12] Waldmannsss, Terrorismus, 134.