Re-examining norms-diffusion: the EU, democracy and rival powers

ABSTRACT

This article concludes the special issue by drawing out key points from the foregoing contributions and suggesting what these imply for the future analysis of EU-related norms diffusion.

KEYWORDS:

• Democracy
• norms
• diffusion
• EU
• foreign policy

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Notes

1 Bradford, The Brussels Effect.

2 On the concept of “negotiated” democracy deport see Poppe, Leininger, and Wolf, “The Negotiation of Democracy Promotion”.

3 McFaul and Stoner, Transitions to Democracy.

4 Youngs, “The New Patchwork Politics of Wider Europe”.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Richard Youngs

Richard Youngs in senior fellow at Carnegie Europe and professor of international relations at the University of Warwick. He is author of fifteen books, including most recently: Rebuilding European Democracy: Resistance and Renewal in an Illiberal Age (Bloomsbury/Tauris, 2021) and The European Union and Global Politics (Macmillan, 2021).