Preventing deadly conflict: Learning from the UN experience in Macedonia

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Notes

For other discussions of preventive diplomacy, see Michael S. Lund, ‘Underrating Preventive Diplomacy’, Foreign Affairs (July–August, 1999), pp. 36–44; Michael S. Lund, Preventing Violent Conflicts: A Strategy for Preventive Diplomacy (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1996); Boutros Boutros-Ghali, An Agenda For Peace (New York: United Nations, 1992); and Bruce W. Jentleson, ‘Preventive Diplomacy: Analytical Conclusions and Policy Lessons’, in Bruce W. Jentleson, Opportunities Missed, Opportunities Seized: Preventive Diplomacy in the Post-Cold War World, Report of the Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict (New York: Rowman and Littlefield, 2000).

Population figures available in the CIA World Factbook. (1 August 2003, 8 December 2003), found at ⟨http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/mk.html⟩.

Republic of Macedonia Constitution at ⟨http://www.hri.org/docs/fyrom/fyrom-const. html#Preamble⟩.

‘UNPREDEP's Mandate Not Renewed Beyond 28 February 1999 as Council Does Not Adopt Draft on Six-month Extension Due to Veto by China’, United Nations Preventive Deployment Force, 8 December 2003, ⟨http://www.un.org/Depts/DPKO/Missions/unpred_p.htm⟩.

Human Rights Watch, ‘Macedonia World Report 200’, 8 December 2003, found at ⟨http://www.hrw.org/wr2k1/europe/macedonia.html⟩; Amnesty International, ‘Macedonia Annual Report 2002’, 8 December 2003, found at ⟨http://web.amnesty.org/web/ar2002.nsf/eur/macedonia Open⟩; and Amnesty International, ‘Macedonia Annual Report 2003’, 8 December 2003, found at ⟨http://web.amnesty.org/report2003/Mkd-summary-eng⟩.

Based on the reviewer's interview with officials at the Macedonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Skopje, Macedonia, May 2003.

For a detailed report on arms availability, distribution, impact and control in Macedonia, see the forthcoming report to be published by the Small Arms Survey, available at ⟨http://www.smallarmssurvey.org⟩.