Poland: Waiting for Washington

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size

Notes

1. Aleksander Kwaśniewski, Address by the President of the Republic of Poland to the Participants of the First Anniversary Proliferation Security Meeting, Cracow, 1 June 2004 (typescript).

2. The National Security Strategy of the Republic of Poland, Warsaw, 22 July 2003,  < http://merln.ndu.edu/whitepapers/poland-2003.pdf > .

3. A Secure Europe in a Better World: European Security Strategy, 12 Dec. 2003, p.4,  < http://ue.eu.int/uedocs/cmsUpload/78367.pdf > .

4. Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz, Poland's View on Global Security Issues, Lecture Delivered by the Polish Foreign Minister at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, 3 March 2003 (typescript).

5. It is worth bearing in mind that the EU (the concept of preventive engagement in the European Security Strategy) and the international community in general came round to this view. See, for instance, Report of the Secretary-General's High-Level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change, A More Secure World: Our Shared Responsibility (New York: United Nations, 2 Dec. 2004).

6. Andrzej Towpik, Remarks at the Transatlantic Cooperation on Missile Defence Conference Organized by the Aspen Institute, Rome, 1–2 Oct. 2004 (typescript).

7. Poland's View on Global Security Issues (note 4).

8. Statement of Adam D. Rotfeld, Under Secretary of State in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland, at the Launching Conference of the International Code of Conduct against Ballistic Missile Proliferation, The Hague, 25–26 Nov. 2002,  < www.msz.gov.pl/file_libraries/29/238/9.doc > .

9. Piotr Pacholski and Paweł Pietrzak, Aktywność Polski w Zwalczaniu Proliferacji Broni Masowego Raz˙enia i Terroryzmu Mie¸dzynarodowego (Warsaw: Ministry of Defence, Department of Defence Policy, 2002).

10. Grzegorz Hołdanowicz and Tomasz Hypki, ‘Z mieszanymi uczuciami: Zakupy MON 2004’, RAPORT – Wojsko, Technika, Obronność, March 2004, pp.14–18; Ryszard Choroszy and Norbert Ba¸czyk, ‘Rok Rosomaka’, Polska Zbrojna, June 2005, pp.12–14.

11. At a conference on transatlantic MD cooperation, in Berlin on 2 Oct. 2003, former Under Secretary of State in the Defence Ministry, Andrzej Towpik, was quoted: ‘With our limited resources, missile defense may not be the top of the agenda’. ‘Hurdles Slow U.S.-Europe Missile Defense’, Defense News, 6 Oct. 2003.

12. ‘Michał Kleiber: W przyszłym roku inwestycje offsetowe powinny przekroczyć mld dolarów,’ RMF/FM, 16 May 2003.

13. ‘LockMart Signs MoU with Polish Firm for Missile Defense Projects’, Space Daily, 29 Jan. 2004.

14. Polish experts have pointed out challenges for operationalizing at least a limited missile defence. A representative view is voiced by a specialist from the MoD. See Marcin Kozieł, ‘Globalna tarcza’, Polska Zbrojna, May 2001, p.32.

15. In 2003, for instance, ‘Interfax’ quoted Polish Ambassador to Russia, Stefan Meller, saying that the US had suggested that at some point a part of a future missile defence system could be deployed in Poland. ‘Deployment of U.S. Forces in Poland is Possible’, AP, 18 Feb. 2003.

16. Marta Jaroszewicz, ‘Przedwyborcze manewry’, Polska Zbrojna, 22 Feb. 2004, pp.24–5.

17. The exact determination of who would have the final say on using the deployed installations on Polish ground would have to be made once Poland commits to missile defence. This could turn out to be a politically contentious issue.

18. The Alliance's Strategic Concept, NAC-S(99)65, 24 Apr. 1999, < www.nato.int/docu/pr/1999/p99-065e.htm > .

19. Prague Summit Declaration (2002) 127, 21 Nov. 2002.

20. Piotr Pacholski, System Obrony Przeciwrakietowej: Rozwój i Znaczenie (Warsaw: Adam Marszałek, 2003); see also Bernd Kreienbaum, NATO's Theatre Missile Defence & Missile Defence Activities, Presentation at the Conference on Transatlantic Missile Defence at the George C. Marshall European Centre for Security Studies, 5–7 April 2004,  < www.marshallcenter.org/site-graphic/lang-en/page-conf-2004-index/xdocs/conf/2004-conferences/static/xdocs/conf/2004-conferences/0415/kreienbaum-pres-en.pdf > .

21. James Fergusson, ‘NATO, Europe and Theatre Missile Defence’, Canadian Military Journal, Vol. 3, No.1 (Spring 2002), p.45.

22. See the contribution of Bernd W. Kubbig and Axel Nitsche on Germany in this issue.

23. See the contribution of Ronja Kempin and Joycelyn Mawdsley in this issue.

24. From the 22 Feb. 2001 meeting of the National Security Council,  < www.bbn.gov.pl/pl/rbn/posiedzenia.html > .

25. Quoted in David J. Smith, ‘Guest Perspective: Bush European Success Calls for NATO Missile Defense Plan’, Inside Missile Defense, Vol. 7, No. 14 (11 July 2001).

26. ‘Nie dam sie¸ oczarować’, Trybuna, 3–4 Aug. 2002.

27. Quoted in Marcin Kozieł, ‘Globalna tarcza’ (note 14), p.34.

28. ‘Dwa filary bezpieczeństwa’, Polska Zbrojna, No. 28/296 (2002).

29. The German Marshall Fund of the United States, Transatlantic Trends 2004, Washington, DC, 2004 (typescript).

30. See the contributions of Mark Smith and Jørgen Dragsdahl in this issue.

31. Jadwiga Stachura, Nowa administracja amerykańska, Expert Analyses Series No. 98 (Warsaw: MFA, Department of Strategy and Policy Planning, March 2001).

32. Bartosz We¸glarczyk, ‘Polska pomoz˙e USA w budowie tarczy antyrakietowej’, Gazeta Wyborcza, 10 Oct. 2003.

33. Remarks by the Director of the Centre for American Studies at the University of Warsaw, Zbigniew Lewicki, during a discussion organized by the Poland in Europe Foundation, 21 June 2001 (transcript).

34. Ibid.

35. Quoted in Committee on National Defence, Bulletin No.2723/IV, 8 Jan. 2004, the Lower House of the Polish Legislative Assembly (the Sejm).