Securitizing vs. Desecuriziting African Problems

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Notes

Robert I. Rotberg, ‘Failed States in a World of Terror’, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 81, No. 4 (2002); Susan E. Rice, ‘The New National Security Strategy: Focus on Failed States’, Brookings Policy Brief, No. 116 (February 2003); Patrick Stewart, ‘Weak States and Global Threats: Fact or Fiction?’, The Washington Quarterly, Vol. 29, No. 2 (Spring 2006); Chester A. Crocker, ‘Engaging Failing States’, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 82, No. 5 (September/October 2003), pp. 32–44.

Chuck Hagel, ‘A Republican Foreign Policy’, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 83, No. 4 (2004), p. 64.

Gil Loescher, James Milner, Edward Newman, and Gary Troeller (eds), Protracted Refugee Situations: Political, Human Rights and Security Implications (Tokyo: UNU Press, 2008).

David M. Malone and Heiko Nitzschke, ‘Economic Agendas in Civil Wars: What We Know, What We Need to Know’, Discussion Paper no. 2005/7 (Helsinki: UNU-WIDER, 2005).

Princeton N. Lyman and J. Stephen Morrison, ‘The Terrorist Threat in Africa’, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 83, No. 1 (2004); Stephen D. Krasner and Carlos Pascual, ‘Addressing State Failure’, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 84, No. 4 (2005); Edward Newman, ‘Weak States, State Failure, and Terrorism’, Terrorism and Political Violence, Vol. 19, No. 4 (2007), pp. 463–88.

Francis Fukuyama, State-Building: Governance and World Order in the 21st Century (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2004), p. 92.

Robert I. Rotberg, ‘The Failure and Collapse of Nation-states: Breakdown, Prevention and Repair’, in R. Rotberg (ed.), When States Fail: Causes and Consequences (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004), p. 42.

Department for International Development, ‘Fighting Poverty to Build a Safer World: A Strategy for Security and Development’ (London: DFID, 2005), p. 5.