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Abstract
Cultural heritage is of immense importance in the construction of identities and, therefore, the behaviour of society. It is argued here that traditional approaches, reflected in British government legislation and policy, ignore elements integral to community perceptions of cultural heritage. The current framework of heritage management also hinders practitioners from exploring, conserving, presenting and challenging these constructs This paper calls for the development of integrated and inclusive heritage‐management practice and a recognition of the contribution of recent research into constructs of cultural heritage It is argued that there is a need to investigate the opportunities for, and feasibility of, developing more integrated approaches that reflect the diverse and joined‐up nature of cultural heritage.
Notes
Michael Turnpenny, PLB Consulting Ltd. Correspondence to: [email protected]
CitationDepartment for Culture, Media and Sport and Department of Transport, Local Government and the Regions (DCMS and DTLGR), The Historic Environment, 3.1.
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UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, 2003 Article 2.1.
Ibid., Article 2.2.
CitationEnglish Heritage, Exploring our Past, 47–48.
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CitationEnglish Heritage, Exploring our Past, 47, 51.
HMSO, Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 (c. 9) 1990, I.1.1,3.
CitationCampbell, Heritage Law and Policy, 7; HMSO Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 (c. 9) 1990, I.1.1,3; Department of the Environment and Department of National Heritage (hereafter DOE), Citation1994, Department of the Environment and Department of National Heritage, Planning Policy Guidance 15, Citation1994, 6.10.
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J. Grenville, pers. comm., December 2001.
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HMSO Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 (c. 9) 1990, II.69.1.
DOE Citation1994, Planning Policy Guidance 15, 4.7.
Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority (n.d.). Conservation Areas Information leaflet. YDNPA. ‘Best Value Performance Plan 2001–2002’ (unpublished policy document, 2001), 14. Copy obtainable from Yorebridge House, Bainbridge.
YDNPA Officer, pers. comm., June 2002; West Burton resident, pers. comm., June 2002.
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CitationSullivan, ‘Cultural Values and Cultural Imperialism’, 58.
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O. Beazley, ‘Grasping the Intangible’ (paper presented at the University of York, 9 November 2001).
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D. Gwyn, pers. comm., October 2002.
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C. Griffiths, ‘Woodhorn Colliery Conservation Plan’, 2003. Unpublished Copies obtainable from Wansbeck District Council.
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CitationPearce, ‘The Construction of Heritage’, 59.
CitationBrown, ‘Contests of Heritage and the Politics of Preservation in the Former Yugoslavia’, 71.
CitationAtkinson et al., ‘Tales from the Riverbank’, 34, 36–37.
CitationMabey, ‘Nature and Change’, 23; CitationSamuel, Theatres of Memory, 11.
CitationSmith and van der Meer, ‘Landscape and the Negotiation of Identity’, 51; see also CitationKnapp and Antoniadou, ‘Archaeology, Politics and the Cultural Heritage of Cyprus’, 15.
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Common Ground, ‘Rules for Local Distinctiveness’, http://www.commonground.org.uk/rules.html (accessed 26 January 2003); and Common Ground, ‘Parish Maps Path’, http://www.england‐in‐particular.info/mappath.html (accessed 26 January 2003).
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Turnpenny, ‘Local Cultural Heritage Identity and the State: A Case Study of West Burton, North Yorkshire’ (unpublished MA diss., University of York, 2002), 28.
European Commission, ‘Promoting and Safeguarding Regional Minority Languages and Cultures’, http://europa.eu.int/comm/education/langmin.html (accessed 22 January 2003).
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Lowenthal, ‘Heritage and National Identity’, 42; CitationMacMillan, ‘Our Heritage’, 295.
UNESCO, ‘Recommendation on the Safeguarding of Traditional Culture and Folklore Adopted by the General Conference at its Twenty‐fifth Session’, Paris, 15 November 1989, http://www.unesco.org/culture/laws/paris/html_eng/page1.shtml (accessed 18 January 2003); DOE 1994, Planning Policy Guidance 15, 6.10.
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Bran is symbolised by ravens and is connected with a cauldron, which could restore life (Anon, n.d.), a story that seems to have been incorporated into the Arthurian Holy Grail legends. CitationAshley, ‘Introduction’, 5.
An element of site management, for example, still seeks to ensure that ravens continue to live at the Tower.
CitationSamuel and Thompson, The Myths We Live By, 2–3.
See Davis, Ecomuseums, 48, 50, 67, 74, 260.
UNESCO, ‘Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention’, http://www.whc.unesco.org/archive/opguide02.pdf, 2002 (accessed 18 January 2003), 39.iii.
UNESCO, ‘Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage Bureau of the World Heritage Committee: Twenty‐fifth Session’, Paris, UNESCO Headquarters (Room X), 25–30 June 2001, http://whc.unesco.org/archive/repbur01.htm (accessed 6 February 2003), VI.9–51.
UNESCO, ‘Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention’.
CitationAvrami et al., Values and Heritage Conservation, 4.
CitationBegay, ‘The Role of Archaeologists on Indian Lands’, 162.
CitationDongoske and Anyon, ‘Federal Archaeology’, 189.
Turnpenny, 2002, ‘Local Cultural Heritage Identity and the State’, 56.
DCMS and DTLGR, The Historic Environment; DCMS, People and Places; CitationEnglish Heritage, State of the Historic Environment Report 2002.
DCMS, People and Places, 4.
See CitationSullivan, ‘Cultural Values and Cultural Imperialism’, 58.
See CitationBommes and Wright, ‘ “Charms of Residence” ’, 271–72, 290.