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Original Articles

Internet, conflict and dialogue: the Israeli case

Pages 384-400 | Published online: 25 Jul 2011
 

Abstract

This article reviews studies evaluating Internet-based planned encounters between Israeli Jews and Palestinians and between Jews and Arabs in Israel. It goes on to explain the contradictory outcomes of these encounters concerning the potential of the Internet to serve as a learning ground for social and political understanding. Various aspects of these encounters, and the unique features of the medium in which they were conducted, are examined. These factors provide a framework for studying the potential of the Internet to promote positive inter-group contact.

Acknowledgements

I wish to thank Professor Gideon Doron, Dr. Azi Lev-On and Israel Affairs for the invitation to write this article. I also wish to thank all the researchers who contributed their work for the purpose of writing the article, particularly Professor Ifat Maoz and Professor Joseph Walther.

Notes

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 3. John Palfrey and Urs Gasser, Born Digital: Understanding the First Age of Digital Natives (Basic Books, 2008); Mark Prenksy, “Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants,” On the Horizon 9, no. 5 (2001): 1–6.

 4. Oiviero Stock et al., “A Co-Located Interface for Narration to Support Reconciliation in Conflict: Initial Results from Jewish and Palestinian youth” (paper presented at CHI 2008, Florence Italy).

 5. Don G. Ellis and Ifat Moaz, “Online Argument between Israeli Jews and Palestinians,” Human Communication Research 33 (2007): 291–309; Elaine Hoter, Miri Shonfeld, and Asmaa Ganayem, “ICT in the Service of Multiculturalism,” The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning 10, no. 2 (2010), http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/601/1207 (accessed April 30, 2010).

 6. Ifat Maoz, “Contact in Protracted Asymmetrical Conflict: Twenty Years of Planned Encounters between Israeli-Jews and Palestinians,” Journal of Peace Research (forthcoming).

 7. Ifat Maoz, “Contact in Protracted Asymmetrical Conflict: Twenty Years of Planned Encounters between Israeli-Jews and Palestinians,” Journal of Peace Research (forthcoming)

 8. Rabah Halabi and Nava Sonnenschein, “The Jewish–Palestinian Encounter in a Time of Crisis,” Journal of Social Issues 60, no. 2 (2004): 375–87.

 9. Thomas F. Pettigrew, “Inter-Group Contact Theory,” Annual Review of Psychology 49 (1998): 65–85.

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27. Yaacov B. Yablon, “Feeling Close from Distance: Peace Encounters via Internet Technology,” New Directions for Youth Development 116 (2007): 99–107; Yaacov B. Yablon and Yaacov J. Katz, “Internet-Based Group Relations: A High School Peace Education Project in Israel,” Education Media International 38, nos. 2/3 (2001): 175–82.

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30. Hoter, Shonfeld, and Ganayem, “ICT in the Service of Multiculturalism.”

31. Ronit Kampf, “Two Players are Preferable to One? The Impact of Cooperation between Israeli Female Students of Jewish and Arab-Palestinian Origin in a Computer Game Simulating the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict on Performance and Learning on the ‘Other’” (unpublished manuscript 2010).

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34. Kampf, “Two Players are Preferable to One.”

35. Esra Çuhadar-Gürkaynak and Ronit Kampf, “Computerized Simulations on the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict as a Learning Tool for Turkish, American, Israeli-Jew and Israeli-Arab Students” (in progress).

36. Stock et al., “A Co-Located Interface for Narration to Support Reconciliation in Conflict.”

37. Ellis and Moaz, “Online Argument between Israeli Jews and Palestinians.”

38. Hoter, Shonfeld, and Ganayem, “ICT in the Service of Multiculturalism”; Mollov, “Results of Israeli and Palestinian Student Interactions in CMC”; Yablon and Katz, “Internet-Based Group Relations.” Ellis and Moaz, “Online Argument between Israeli-Jews and Palestinians”; Ayelet Rot, “The Construction of the Enemy's Narrative in an Intractable Conflict as a Method for Peace Education through Internet Exchange: An Exploratory Study” (MA thesis, Haifa University, 2004).

39. Maoz, “Contact in Protracted Asymmetrical Conflict.”

40. Ellis and Moaz, “Online Argument between Israeli-Jews and Palestinians.”

41. Gadi Wolfsfeld and Mohammad Dajani, Media Images of the Other in Israel and the Palestinian Territories: Covering one Another during the Second Intifada (report submitted to Konard Adenauer Foundation, 2004); Gadi Wolfsfeld, Paul Frosh, and Maurice Awabdy, “Covering Death in Conflicts: Coverage of the Second Intifada on Israeli and Palestinian Television,” Journal of Peace Research 45 (2008): 40117.

42. Kampf, “Two Players are Preferable to One?”

43. Roger Austin, “Reconnecting Young People in Northern Ireland,” in Young Citizens in the Digital Age: Political Engagement, Young People and New Media, ed. Brian D. Loader (Abingdon, Oxon, UK: Routledge, 2007), 143–57; Hoter, Shonfeld, and Ganayem, “ICT in the Service of Multiculturalism.”

44. Gal Harmat, “Evaluation and Assessment Report of the PeaceMaker Educational Program at the Peres Center for Peace” (report prepared for the Peres Center for Peace, 2009); Stock et al., “A Co-Located Interface for Narration to Support Reconciliation in Conflict.”

45. Stock et al., “A Co-Located Interface for Narration to Support Reconciliation in Conflict.”

46. Kampf, “Two Players are Preferable to One?”

47. Andrea Bartoli, “Mediating Peace in Mozambique: The Role of the Community of Sant'Egidio,” in Herding Cats: Multiparty Mediation in a Complex World, ed. Chester A. Crocker, Fen O. Hampson, and Pamela Aall (Washington: US Institute for Peace, 1999); Rupert Brown, Group Processes (Oxford: Blackwell, 1998); Herbert C. Kelman, “Interactive Problem-Solving: Informal Mediation by the Scholar-Practitioner,” in Studies in Interactional Mediation, ed. Jacob Bercovitch (Palgrave Macmillan. 2002); Anthony Wanis-St. John, “Peace Processes, Secret Negotiations and Civil Society: Dynamics of Inclusion and Exclusion,” International Negotiation 13, no. 1 (2006): 1–12.

48. Ellis and Moaz, “Online Argument between Israeli Jews and Palestinians”; Rot, “The Construction of the Enemy's Narrative in an Intractable Conflict as a Method for Peace Education through Internet Exchange.”

49. Kampf, “Two Players are Preferable to One?”

50. Hoter, Shonfeld, and Ganayem, “ICT in the Service of Multiculturalism.”

51. Gad Alexander and Adnan Garbiya, “Playing with Identities,” Panim 40 (2007): 16–28.

52. Peace on Facebook, http://peace.facebook.com/ (accessed June 27, 2010).

53. Nicholas A. Christakis and John H. Fowler, Connected: The Surprising Power of Our Social Networks and how They Shape Our Lives (New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2009).

54. Cass Sunstein, Republic.com 2.0 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007).

55. Rita J. King and Joshua S. Fouts, “Understanding Islam through Virtual Worlds” (report submitted to Carnegie Council, 2009), http://www.dancinginkproductions.com/uploads/pdfs/ui/DIP_digitalbook_understandingislam_2009.pdf (accessed April 28, 2010).

56. Bruce Etling et al., “Mapping the Arabic Blogosphere: Politics, Culture and Dissent (paper presented at the US Institute for Peace, June 17, 2009).

57. Anat Ben-David and Sam Bahour, “Access to Information in the Occupied Palestinian Territory,” Global Information Society Watch (2009); Helga Tawil-Souri, “Move Over Bangalore: Here Comes… Palestine? Western Funding and Internet Development in the Shrinking Palestinian State,” in Global Communicationss: Toward a Transcultural Political Economy (New York: Routledge, 2007)' Helga Tawill-Souri, “Americanizing Palestine through Internet Development,” in Internationalizing Internet Studies (New York: Routledge, 2009).

58. Kampf, “Two Players are Preferable to One?”

59. Eugene J. Webb, Donald T. Campbell, and Richard D. Schwartz, Unobtrusive Measures, rev. ed. (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc, 2000).

60. Doron Friedman, Anthony Steed, and Mel Slater, “Research Bots in Second Life” (lecture, workshop of Simulation and Second Life, in Second Life, September 7, 2007).

61. Christakis and Fowler, Connected.

62. Cleotilde Gonzalez, Ronit Kampf, and Jolie M. Martin, “Action Diversity in Conflict Resolution” (manuscript submitted for publication, 2011).

63. Ifat Maoz, “Multiple Conflicts and Competing Agendas: A Framework for Conceptualizing Structured Encounters between Groups in Conflict – The Case of Coexistence Project of Jews and Palestinians in Israel,” Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology 6, no. 2 (2002): 135–56.

64. Maoz, “Does Contact Work in Protracted Asymmetrical Conflict?”

65. Doron Friedman, Yuval Karniel, and Amit Lavie-Dinur, “Comparing Group Discussion in Virtual and Physical Environments,” Presence 18, no. 4 (2007): 286–93.

66. Rasha A. Abdulla, The Internet in the Arab World: Egypt and beyond (New York: Peter Lang, 2007), 151.

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