Israel's Arab leadership in the decade attending the October 2000 events

Abstract

This main thesis of this article is that while there is a general unanimity among Israel's Arab parties and/or organizations on national issues and the desired solution to the Palestinian problem, there are wide divergences in their positions on civil matters and the consequent need for a dialogue with the Israeli government and Jewish society. A governmental policy that encourages integration rather than exclusion can therefore minimize the tension between this sector and the state and neutralize potential sources of friction.

Keywords:

• Israeli Arabs
• Israel
• Palestinians
• Arab political parties

Notes

 1. R. Hamaisi, Intifadat al-Aqsa bekerev Haarvim Hapalestinim Beisrael: Tahalichim, Meniim Vegormim (Tel Aviv: Keter, 2003); Y. Landau, Haarvim Beisrel: Iyunim Politiyim (Tel Aviv: Maarachot, 1971); S. Smooha, “Minorities Responses in a Plural Society: A Typology of the Arabs in Israel,” Sociology and Social Research 67, no. 4 (2003): 56–436.

 2. The Or Commission Report, 2003: 2 [in Hebrew], Prime Minister Office, Jerusalem.

 3. O. Shtendel, Arviyey Israel Ben Hapatish Lasadan (Jerusalem: Akadamon, 1992); E. Rekhess, “Ben Kommunism Lilumiyut Arvit: Rakah Vehamiut Haarvi Beisrael (1965–1973)” (PhD diss., Tel Aviv University, 1993).

 4. A. Bligh, “The Intifada and the New Political Role of the Israeli Arab Leadership,” Middle Eastern Studies (1999): 35, no. 1 134–64; Shtendel, Arviyeye Israel; I. Lustick, Haarvim Bamdina Hayehudit (Haifa: Mifras, 1985).

 5. A.E. Zuabi, Haarvim Ezrahey Israel Bedilemmat Haezrachut Hakfula (a, Ma'arachot, Tel Aviv: 1971); Landau, Haarvim Beisrel; K. Nakhleh, “Cultural Determination of Palestinian Collective Identity: The Case of the Arabs in Israel,” New Outlook 18, no. 7 (1975): 31–40; E. Rekhess, “Haarvim Beisrael. Hitpatchut Bemishor Hapeilut Hapolitit, in Ehad Mikol Shisha Israelim, ed. A. Har-Even (Jerusalem: Van Leer Institute, 1981).

 6. M. Alhaj, Maarechet Hahinuch Haarvi Beisrael – Sugiot Umegamot (Jerusalem: Floersheimer Institute, 1994); Shtendel, Arviyey Israel, 254.

 7. T. Mayer, Hitorerut Hamuslemim Beisrael (Givat Haviva, Hamachon Lelimudim Arvi'im, 1988).

 8. S. Jiryis, “The Arabs in Israel, 1973–79,” Journal of Palestine Studies 8, no. 4 (1979): 31–56; N. Rouhana, “The Political Transformation of the Palestinians in Israel: from Acquiescence to Challenge,” Journal of Palestine Studies 18, no. 3 (1989): 38–59.

 9. Al-Hayat, January 9, 2001.

10. http://www.arabs48.com, May 26, 2009.

11. Al-Ittihad, January 24, 2001; Nida al-Taghier, March 29, 2002 Haaretz, April 20, 2006.

12. Haaretz, 20 Apr. 2006.

13. Kool Al-Arab, March 10, July 5, 2002; Panorama, March 25, 2002; Fasl al-Maqal, December 14, 2005.

14. al-Mithaq, April 15, May 10, 2005; Sawt al-haqq Wal-Hurriya, July, 8 2005.

15. al-Mithaq, January 6, 2006; Sawt al-haqqq Wal-Hurriya, January 20, 2006; Or Commission Report, 2003.

16. Fasl al-Maqal, August 31, 2001; al-Ittihad, August 29, 2001.

17. al-Ittihad, September 7, 2001.

18. al-Mithaq, April 19, 2002; Haaretz, April 25, 2002 Panorama, April 26, 2002; al-Ittihad, May 3, 2002.

19. Al-Ittihad, March 5, 2003; http://www.aljabha.org, March 3, 2009.

20. al-Hayat al-Jadida, February 4, 2001.

21. Al-Ittihad, March 25, 2001; al-Hayat al-Jadida, June 9, 2001; Fasl al-Maqal, February 2, 2001.

22. Al-Ittihad, September 6, 2002; al-Mithaq, July 14, 2006.

23. See, for instance, Sawt al-Haqq wa-l-Hurriya, May 16, 2002; al-Mithaq, May 6, 2005.

24. Sawt al-Haqq Wal-Hurriya, July 27, 2007.

25. http://www.aljabha.co.il, April 17, 2009.

26. Haaretz, February 9, 2005; al-Sinara, (accessed January 17, 2001).

27. Al-Ittihad, January 3, 2002; Fasl al-Maqal, February 20, 2007; Sawt al-Haqq wa-l-Hurriya, March 5, 2004.

28. Sawt al-Haqq wa-l-Hurriya, October 26, 2006, August 31, 2007; Haaretz, January 1, 2008.

29. al-Mithaq, March 25, 2005; al-Sinara, May 8, 2005; al-Fajr al-Jadid, June 7, 2005.

30. Al-Ittihad, May 1, 2006; al-Sinara, November 6, 2007.

31. Yediot Haifa, June 5, 2009.

32. Haaretz, June 3, 2003.

33. Al-Ittihad, March 29, 2002.

34. Sawt al-Haqq wa-l-Hurriya, February 6, 2001; Kool al-Arab, October 15, 2000, July 22, 2005, May 5, 2006.

35. Kool al-Arab, February 2, 2001.

36. Fasl al-Maqal, February 2, 2001.

37. al-Ittihad, February 2, 2001.

38. Al-Mithaq, February 3, 2006.

39. Panorama, March 29, 2001.

40. See, for instance, al-Ittihad, October 14, 2004; Kool al-Arab, September 6, 2002.

41. Sawt al-Haqq wa-l-Hurriya, January 7, 2005; Kool al-Arab, January 19, 2005; http://www.panet.co.il, (accessed March 21, 2009).

42. Al-Ittihad, August 3, September 28, 2001.

43. Al-Ittihad, June 21, 2001, October 14, 2005; al-Mithaq, March 11, June 10, 2005.

44. http://www.lac.or 2, November 15, 2006.

45. Al-Sinara, January 5, 2001; Haaretz, December 24, 2002.

46. Kool al-Arab, January 11, 2002.

47. Kool al-Arab, April 7, 2006.

48. Panorama, June 25, 2004.

49. Panorama, March 16, 2001; Fasl al-Maqal, March 23, 2001.

50. Kool al-Arab, August 23, 2002.

51. Al-Ittihad, October 4, 2004.

52. Fasl al-Maqal, September 20, 2002; Sawt al-Haqq wa-l-Hurriya, September 24, 2004.

53. Haaretz, August 6, 2001; al-Mithaq, February 25, 2005.

54. Al-Ittihad, August 18, 2004.