A patent review of pharmaceutical and therapeutic applications of oxadiazole derivatives for the treatment of chronic diseases (2013–2021)

ABSTRACT

Introduction

Oxadiazole is a unique class of heterocycle, possessing numerous important biomedical and therapeutic applications, such as anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, inhibitors for diverse enzymes, receptor modulators, and neuroprotective properties. The rapid development in the field of oxadiazole-containing structures is confirmed by the development of numerous clinical drugs, such as doxazosin, nesapidil, pleconaril, fasiplon, ataluren, zibotentan, and prenoxdiazine as selected examples.

Areas covered

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the range of biological applications of oxadiazole-containing drugs in a range of patents from 2013 to 2021. The information was collected from available data sources including SciFinder, Reaxys, MedLine, and Chemical Abstracts.

Expert opinion

Oxadiazole is an established class of compounds with fascinating biological properties. The importance of oxadiazoles can be recognized by their enormous application in a wide spectrum of medicinal chemistry from anticancer, lantibiotics, and antidiabetics to their use in agriculture and neuroprotection. For instance, the oxadiazole-based compounds have shown the ability to modulate a variety of receptors including the M4 receptor agonists, S1P1 receptor modulators, SSTR5 antagonists, orexin type-2 receptor agonists, liver X receptor agonists, and many more. This testifies to the special features associated with the oxadiazole scaffold, making it a significant pharmacophore.

KEYWORDS:

• Oxadiazole
• anticancer
• antibiotic
• antifungal
• receptor modulators
• S1PR
• drug development

Article highlights

• Oxadiazole is an important class of compounds that have diverse biological activities, such as anti-Alzheimer’s, antibacterial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and modulations of many receptors and metabolic processes.

• The oxadiazole drugs are growing rapidly including raltegravir, tiodazosin, doxazosin, nesapidil, pleconaril, fasiplon, prenoxdiazine, ataluren, and zibotentan.

• This review provides a detailed overview of the range of biological applications of oxadiazole in various patents from 2013 to 2021.

This box summarizes key points contained in the article.

Declaration of interest

The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

Reviewer disclosures

Peer reviewers on this manuscript have no relevant financial or other relationships to disclose.

Author contributions

A Hassan performed the literature survey, organized and sorted out the literature, and wrote a part of the review. AH Khan collected the literature and written the anticancer part of the review. F Saleem wrote the antimicrobial part of the review. H Ahmad helped in the literature survey and wrote the neurodegenerative and antidiabetic parts of the review. KM Khan conceived the idea of reviewing supervised and provided critical feedback, and finalized the manuscript. All authors have contributed to this manuscript.

Additional information

Funding

The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Sindh Higher Education Commission (SHEC), Pakistan vide letter No. NO.DD/SHEC/1-14/2014, Project Code SHEC/SRSP/Med-3/15/2021-21.