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Articles

The Origins of the Crisis of Christian Democracy: The End of Catholic Italy or the End of Cold War Italy?

Pages 23-40 | Published online: 20 Jan 2020
 

ABSTRACT

The article aims to provide a political reading of the phenomenon of secularization, examining, in particular, the relationship between the Christian Democracy (D.C.), the Italian Catholic world, and the process of secularization. It is divided in four different levels of analysis. First of all, it investigates: (1) contemporary discussion, reconstructing the assessments and readings most common in the circles of the D.C. and the varied world of Italian Catholicism. Then, it analyses: (2) the reactions of Christian Democrats and leading figures of the Catholic world, particularly identifying what solutions they proposed to respond to the challenges posed by the process of secularization. It seeks, then, to compare: (3) the perspectives of these leading figures, with some possible hypotheses of the real effects of secularization on the political attitudes of Italians, paying particular attention to its consequences on the identity of the Christian democratic membership and on the electoral choices of citizens. By way of conclusion, the article formulates: (4) some hypotheses to help reconsider a shared interpretation about the existence of a causal relationship betweensecularization-crisis/end of the DC’, identifying instead in other processes (specifically the role the Cold War played in the sacralization/desacralization of political cultures) the key factors underlying the identity of the D.C., the support it gathered, and the party’s collapse.

RIASSUNTO

L’articolo mira a fornire una lettura politica del fenomeno di secolarizzazione, indagando in particolare la relazione tra la Democrazia cristiana, il mondo cattolico italiano e il processo di secolarizzazione. Esso si articola in quattro differenti livelli di analisi.

Innanzitutto, prende in esame 1) la discussione coeva, ricostruendo i giudizi e le letture più diffusi in casa democristiana e nel variegato mondo del cattolicesimo italiano. Il contributo analizza poi 2) le reazioni dei democristiani e dei protagonisti del mondo cattolico, individuando in particolare quali soluzioni essi individuarono per rispondere alle sfide poste dal processo di secolarizzazione. Esso intende poi mettere a confronto 3) le percezioni dei protagonisti con alcune possibili ipotesi relative ai reali effetti della secolarizzazione sugli atteggiamenti politici degli italiani, soffermandosi in particolare sulle sue conseguenze sull’identità della base democristiana e sulle scelte elettorali dei cittadini. Infine, in conclusione, l’articolo formula 4) alcune ipotesi che tendono a rivedere un giudizio (diffuso) relativo all’esistenza di un nesso causale ‘secolarizzazione-crisi/fine della DC’, individuando invece in altri processi (in particolare il ruolo della Guerra Fredda sulla sacralizzazione/desacralizzazione delle culture politiche) i fattori determinanti della natura della D.C., del sostegno a essa e del suo crollo.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Giovanni Mario Ceci

Giovanni Mario Ceci (PhD) teaches History of Contemporary Europe at Università degli Studi Roma Tre and Terrorism: an Introduction at IES-Rome. His researches and publications mainly focus on Italian politics and culture during the Cold War, Terrorism, and Fascism. He is the author of several books and articles, including Renzo De Felice storico della politica (Rubbettino, 2008); Moro e il PCI. La strategia dell’attenzione e il dibattito politico italiano, 1967–1969 (Carocci, 2013); Il terrorismo italiano. Storia di un dibattito (Carocci, 2013). He has just published La CIA e il terrorismo italiano. Dalla strage di piazza Fontana agli anni Ottanta (1969–1986) (Carocci, 2019).

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