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Research Article

The nostalgic and political use of the past: Fascism in the Italian Social Movement

Pages 285-302 | Received 17 Jan 2024, Accepted 22 Apr 2024, Published online: 05 Jun 2024
 

ABSTRACT

Fascism has been a persistent topic in Italian public discourse since the founding of the Republic. This essay provides an analysis of the ways in which the narratives of fascism have developed within the Italian Social Movement (MSI), a party established by veterans and those nostalgic for fascism. Whether revolutionary or conservative, imperialistic or nationalist, ‘Manchesterian’ or inclined towards socialization, the depiction of fascism celebrated and narrated by the MSI is far from unambiguous. Using local press and archival documentation, this analysis will focus on specific narrative canons at key historical moments: the party’s birth and the subsequent development of a right-wing ideological profile between the 1950s and 1960s; the 1970s, scrutinized in light of the reception of the debates among professional historians’ on the regime; and the 1980s, examined within the context of the weakening anti-fascist paradigm and the crisis of the bipolar global balance. The aim is to trace how this historical discourse addressed the need to consolidate a community through nostalgia or the pursuit of other political goals.

RIASSUNTO

La sopravvivenza del fascismo è un tema dibattuto in Italia pressoché dalle origini della repubblica. In questo saggio sono analizzate le narrazioni del fascismo nel Movimento sociale italiano, un partito fondato da reduci e nostalgici del fascismo. Rivoluzionario o conservatore, imperiale o nazionalista, “manchesteriano” o socializzatore: il fascismo celebrato e raccontato dal Msi non è univoco. Utilizzando la stampa d’area e la documentazione archivistica, focalizzeremo alcuni di questi canoni narrativi attraverso momenti specifici: la nascita del partito e la successiva maturazione di un profilo ideologico di destra tra gli anni Cinquanta e Sessanta; gli anni Settanta, analizzati alla luce della recezione del dibattito storiografico sul regime; gli anni Ottanta, analizzati nel contesto dell’indebolimento del paradigma antifascista e della crisi dell’equilibrio bipolare. L’obiettivo è di ricostruire in che misura questo discorso storico corrispondesse al bisogno di cementare una comunità attraverso la nostalgia oppure fino a che punto rispondesse ad altri obiettivi politici.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Notes

1. Archivio Fondazione Ugo Spirito-Renzo De Felice (Afus), fondo Movimento sociale italiano (Msi), serie (s.) 2, carte raccolte da Mario Cassiano (carte Cassiano), unità (u.) 51, pp. 1–27.

2. Afus, Msi, s. 2, Cassiano papers, u. 51, p. 111–118.

3. Afus, Msi, s. 2, carte Mario Cassiano, u. 51, p. 111–118.

4. Afus, Msi, s. 2, Mario Cassiano papers, u. 54, pp. 35–78.

5. Afus, Msi, s. 2, Mario Cassiano papers, u. 56, pp. 39–44.

6. Afus, Msi, s. 2, Mario Cassiano papers, u. 57, pp. 35–40.

7. Afus, Msi, s. 1, Institute of Corporate Studies (Isc), u. 21, pp. 199–201.

8. Afus, Msi, s. 1, Isc, u. 21, p. 308.

9. See Afus, Msi, s. 1, Isc, u. 21, p. 240.

10. See Afus, Msi, s. 1, Isc, u. 22, pp., 19–48.

11. Afus, Msi, s. 1, Isc, u. 24, pp. 22–51.

12. Afus, Msi, s. 1, Isc, u. 25, pp. 51–107.

13. Afus, Msi, s. 4, papers collected by Fabio Andriola (Andriola papers), u. 64, pp. 86–106.

14. Afus, Msi, s. 4, Andriola papers, u. 66, p. 8–47.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Gregorio Sorgonà

Gregorio Sorgonà is a fixed-term researcher at the Scuola Normale Superiore. His research focuses on the national and international history of the twentieth century, with particular attention to the history of political cultures, intellectuals, and historiography. He has published monographs and essays in Italian and English on these topics.

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