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Abstract
Aim
This study aimed to determine the earliest markers of diabetic nephropathy (DN) onset with discriminative potentials from controlled diabetes (CD).
Methods
Sixty male Wistar rats were allocated into three groups (20/group), the two diabetic groups CD and DN received 45 and 65 mg/kg STZ in 0.1 mole/L citrate buffer, respectively, while the control group received only the vehicle. Serum/urinary levels of glomerular, tubular, oxidative and proinflammatory markers were weekly monitored.
Results
Each diabetic group showed a different pattern of inflammatory, oxidative and signs of nephropathy along the study period, but none had a discriminative power until the fourth week. At this time point, levels of urinary transferrin, serum/urinary IL-6 and TNF-α as well as urinary IL-18 were significantly higher in DN group compared to CD (p = 0.0217, <0.0001, 0.0005, 0.0004, 0.0006, 0.0019, respectively). Predictive thresholds of these markers were calculated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve that showed area under curve (AUC) of 0.9375 for transferrin with cut-off value of 35.2 mg/dL and 1.000 for serum/urinary IL-6 and TNF-α and urinary IL-18 with cut-of values 224.1, 82.11, 6.596, 125.9 and 21.86 pg/mL, respectively.
Conclusion
Urinary transferrin and the inflammatory endpoints proposed in this study might represent promising biomarkers for the early DN onset.
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the National Research Centre (NRC) of Egypt for providing all needed facilities and logistics for the study.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Data availability statement
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author H. Shawky upon reasonable request.