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Abstract
Introduction
Desmosine and isodesmosine (DID) are biomarkers for elastic fibre damage in pulmonary emphysema. However, current methods for measuring lung DID involve tissue hydrolysis and lack specificity for those fibres undergoing breakdown. To address this limitation, free (nonpeptide-bound) DID content in unhydrolyzed tissues was evaluated as a more accurate biomarker in an animal model of pulmonary emphysema.
Methods
Hamsters were treated with either cigarette smoke and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), room air and LPS, or room air alone (controls). Free DID levels in fresh and formalin-fixed lungs were measured by LC-MS/MS and correlated with the mean linear intercept (MLI) measure of airspace size.
Results
There was no significant difference in free DID between fresh and formalin-fixed lungs. Animals treated with smoke and LPS had significantly higher levels of free DID than the LPS only group (359 vs. 93.1 ng/g wet lung, respectively; p = 0.0012) and room air controls (undetectable levels; p = 0.0002). There was a significant positive correlation between free DID and MLI (p < 0.0001).
Conclusions
The results support the hypothesis that free lung DID is a sensitive indicator of alveolar wall injury that may be used to study the development of pulmonary emphysema in both animal models and post-mortem human lung tissue.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Dr. Damon Borg of Cordant Health Solutions, Dr. Shuren Ma of St. Luke’s Mt. Sinai Hospital, and Mr. Ritesh Pandya of United Chemical Technologies for their technical assistance.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Data availability statement
The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.