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Review Article

Meta-analysis of the prognostic value of soluble programmed death ligand-1 (sPD-L1) in cancers

, &
Pages 477-485 | Received 30 Jan 2023, Accepted 26 Mar 2023, Published online: 02 Jul 2023
 

Abstract

Background

The soluble programmed death ligand-1 (sPD-L1) and its prognostic role in cancers have been investigated in numerous studies. However, due to the inconsistency on some findings, this meta-analysis was performed to assess the prognostic value of sPD-L1 in patients with cancer.

Methods

We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Wiley Online Library and ScienceDirect, and screened the studies for eligibility. Recurrence-free survival (RFS), progression-free survival (PFS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were for short term survival. The overall survival (OS) was for long term survival.

Results

Forty studies with 4441 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Elevated sPD-L1 was associated with short OS [HR = 2.44 (2.03–2.94), p = 0.000]. Moreover, a high sPD-L1 was predictive of worse DFS/RFS/PFS [HR = 2.52 (1.83–3.44), p = 0.000]. In addition, high sPD-L1 was consistently correlated with poor OS in irrespective of study type, univariate and multivariate analysis, ethnicity, cut-off value of sPD-L1, sample and treatment. In the subgroup analysis, high sPD-L1 was correlated with poor OS in gastrointestinal cancer, lung cancer, hepatic cancer, oesophageal cancer and clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Conclusions

The present meta-analysis showed that a high level of sPD-L1 was associated with worse prognosis in some types of cancer.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.

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