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Articles

Is channel segmentation necessary to reach a multiethnic population with weight-related health promotion? An analysis of use and perception of communication channels

Is segmentatie van kanalen nodig om een multi-etnische bevolking te bereiken met gewichtsgerelateerde gezondheidsbevordering? Een analyse van het gebruik en de perceptie van communicatiekanalen

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Pages 194-208 | Received 26 Oct 2012, Accepted 09 Feb 2014, Published online: 22 Apr 2014
 

Abstract

Objective. To explore similarities and differences in the use and perception of communication channels to access weight-related health promotion among women in three ethnic minority groups. The ultimate aim was to determine whether similar channels might reach ethnic minority women in general or whether segmentation to ethnic groups would be required.

Design. Eight ethnically homogeneous focus groups were conducted among 48 women of Ghanaian, Antillean/Aruban, or Afro-Surinamese background living in Amsterdam. Our questions concerned which communication channels they usually used to access weight-related health advice or information about programs and whose information they most valued. The content analysis of data was performed.

Results. The participants mentioned four channels – regular and traditional health care, general or ethnically specific media, multiethnic and ethnic gatherings, and interpersonal communication with peers in the Netherlands and with people in the home country. Ghanaian women emphasized ethnically specific channels (e.g., traditional health care, Ghanaian churches). They were comfortable with these channels and trusted them. They mentioned fewer general channels – mainly limited to health care – and if discussed, negative perceptions were expressed. Antillean women mentioned the use of ethnically specific channels (e.g., communication with Antilleans in the home country) on balance with general audience-oriented channels (e.g., regular health care). Perceptions were mixed. Surinamese participants discussed, in a positive manner, the use of general audience-oriented channels, while they said they did not use traditional health care or advice from Surinam. Local language proficiency, time resided in the Netherlands, and approaches and messages received seemed to explain channel use and perception.

Conclusions. The predominant differences in channel use and perception among the ethnic groups indicate a need for channel segmentation to reach a multiethnic target group with weight-related health promotion. The study results reveal possible segmentation criteria besides ethnicity, such as local language proficiency and time since migration, worthy of further investigation.

Doel. Het onderzoeken van overeenkomsten en verschillen in de perceptie en het gebruik van communicatiekanalen bij vrouwen met een Ghanese, Afro-Surinaamse of Antilliaanse/Arubaanse achtergrond in Amsterdam. Het doel was te bepalen of, bij gezondheidsbevordering ter voorkoming van gewichtsstijging, dezelfde kanalen ingezet kunnen worden om een multi-etnische bevolking te bereiken danwel segmentatie nodig is.

Studieopzet. We voerden focusgroepen uit met 48 vrouwen, verdeeld over acht etnisch homogene groepen (2 Ghanese, 3 Surinaamse, 3 Antilliaanse). We vroegen hen via welke kanalen zij advies kregen over voeding, beweging of gewichtsregulatie en welk kanaal het meest werd gewaardeerd. Vervolgens deden we een begripsanalyse.

Resultaten. De deelnemers noemden vier soorten kanalen: de reguliere en traditionele gezondheidszorg, algemene en etnisch-specifieke media, (multi-)etnische bijeenkomsten, en interpersoonlijke communicatie in Nederland of met mensen in hun geboorteland. Ghanese vrouwen maakten vooral gebruik van etnisch-specifieke kanalen (bijv. traditionele gezondheidszorg, Ghanese kerken). Ze vertrouwden deze kanalen. Ze noemden minder vaak algemene kanalen. Als ze deze noemden – voornamelijk de gezondheidszorg – uitten ze zich negatief. Antilliaanse vrouwen spraken evenveel over het gebruik van etnisch-specifieke kanalen, zoals communicatie met Antillianen op de Antillen, als over algemene kanalen (bijv. reguliere gezondheidszorg). Hun meningen over deze kanalen waren gemengd. Surinaamse deelnemers bediscussieerden op een positieve manier het gebruik van algemene kanalen. Traditionele gezondheidszorg of advies vanuit Suriname was niet gebruikelijk in deze groep. Nederlandse taalvaardigheden, tijd sinds migratie en benaderingen en boodschappen gebracht door kanalen leken verschillen in kanaalgebruik en perceptie tussen de etnische groepen te kunnen verklaren.

Conclusie. De geobserveerde verschillen in communicatiekanalen waren groter dan de overeenkomsten. We concluderen hieruit dat verschillende communicatiekanalen moeten worden ingezet om een multi-etnische bevolking in aanraking te laten komen met gezondheidsbevordering gericht op beweging, voeding en gewicht. Onze resultaten laten zien dat deze segmentatie behalve via etnische herkomst, ook via andere segmentatiecriteria kan verlopen, zoals Nederlandse taalvaardigheid.

Acknowledgements

We thank Renée Corstjens, Vanna Dronkert, Betty Kusi, and Charles Agyemang for their help during the preparation phase of this study, for conducting focus groups, and for checking the translation from Akan to English. We are grateful to the women who participated in the focus groups, and to the key people who helped us prepare, organize, and interpret the focus group interviews. We acknowledge Janneke Harting for her input in writing the final manuscript, and Kimberly Enard for reviewing the first revision. This work was supported by the Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMW) under [Grant no. 71150002]; and the Postdoctoral Fellowship, University of Texas – School of Public Health Cancer Education and Career Development Program – National Cancer Institute under NIH [Grant R25 CA57712]. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Cancer Institute or the National Institutes of Health.

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