What makes team communication effective: a qualitative analysis of interprofessional primary care team members’ perspectives

ABSTRACT

Although numerous scholars have emphasized the need for effective communication between members of interprofessional teams, few studies provide a clear understanding of what constitutes effective team communication in primary care settings, specifically where patient-centered medical home (PCMH) teams have been implemented. This paper describes the elements of effective communication as perceived by members of interprofessional PCMH primary care teams, and identifies elements of effective communication that have persisted over time. Using transcribed text from 75 semi-structured interviews, we applied the grounded theory method of constant comparison to categorize emergent themes relating to elements of team communication. Interprofessional PCMH team members described the elements of effective communication as: 1) shared knowledge, 2) situation/goal awareness, 3) problem-solving, 4) mutual respect; and communication that is 5) transparent, 6) timely, 7) frequent, 8) consistent, and 9) parsimonious. Parsimony is an emergent theme that may be especially relevant for interprofessional PCMH teams challenged with structured clinic schedules. Future work could focus on understanding how to teach and sustain effective parsimonious communication. Comprehensive quality improvement efforts incorporating a variety of strategies, including team communication training, information and communication technologies, and standardized communication tools may facilitate communication of pertinent patient information in a brief and concise manner.

KEYWORDS:

• Qualitative method
• team-based practice
• interprofessional team communication
• patient-centred practice

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Dr. Danielle Rose for reviewing drafts of this manuscript.

Disclosure Statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest.

Correction Statement

This article has been republished with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.

Additional information

Funding

Funding for this project was supported through a grant from the VA Veterans Assessment and Improvement Laboratory for Patient-Centered Care (VAIL-PCC) Patient Aligned Care Team (PACT) Demonstration Lab (#XVA 65-018). LK’s effort was supported through a grant from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (#T32HS00046) and salary support from the Quality Scholars Program funded by the VA Office of Academic Affiliations (#TQS 65-000). A part of KG’s effort was supported through the VA Locally Initiated Project (LIP #65162). The content does not represent the views of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs or the United States Government.