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Abstract
The fall of the New Order regime has spurred the process of democratization and marked the transformation of Indonesia from authoritarian rule into a more democratic government. The new system of government also spurred the changes in the spatial planning system of Indonesia. The system of law and procedure which set the ground rules for planning practice in Indonesia during the New Order regime, as stipulated in the Spatial Planning Law 24/1992, reflected the authoritarian rule of the New Order regime. This law was replaced with the Spatial Planning Law 26/2007, a more participatory and accountable spatial planning law enacted in 2007. The paper examines the extent to which the transformation of spatial planning practices has taken place in the Jakarta Metropolitan Area after the fall of the New Order regime.
Notes
1. The selection of JMA was based on the fact that JMA has been experiencing rapid changes since the 1990s during the New Order regime. JMA exhibited the most rapid population growth among other metropolitan areas in Indonesia. President Suharto also used his extraordinary powers to circumvent planning in JMA in the 1990s.
2. For further readings about the authoritarian New Order regime, see Bourchier and Hadiz (Citation2003), Emmerson (Citation1999) and Vatikiotis (Citation1998).
3. The decentralization and changing local governance in Indonesia after the fall of the New Order regime are discussed in more detail in Hadiz (Citation2004), Silver (Citation2005) and Wessel (Citation2005).
4. Further readings about the spatial planning regulations prior to the Spatial Planning Law 24/1992 can be found in Hudalah and Woltjer (Citation2007) and Winarso and Firman (Citation2002).
5. The provincial governments can stipulate new components in their spatial plan that is not stipulated in the national spatial plan, and the district governments can stipulate new components that are not stipulated in the provincial spatial plans.
6. According to the Law 24/1992, RTRW provinces had only guidelines from RTRW National and RTRW districts had only guidelines from RTRW provinces.
7. The principles of the spatial planning according to the Spatial Planning Law 24/1992 include integrity, sustainability, effectiveness, efficiency, compatibility, harmony, openness, equality, justice and legal protection.
8. Rencana Induk Djakarta 1965–1985 is the first Jakarta spatial plan with the planning period of 1965–1985; Rencana Umum Tata Ruang (RUTR) Jakarta 1985–2005 is the subsequent Jakarta spatial plan after Rencana Induk Djakarta 1965–1985 with the planning period of 1985–2005; RTRW Jakarta 2000–2010 is the third Jakarta spatial plan with the planning period of 2000–2010. Under the Spatial Planning Law 26/2007, the Jakarta administration has been preparing the fourth Jakarta spatial plan (RTRW Jakarta 2010–2030) to replace RTRW Jakarta 2000–2010.