Notes
1. The exceptions to this are Bulgaria and Romania which are, at the time of writing, in negotiation about membership. See the European Union's enlargement website—<http://europa.eu.int/comm/enlargement>—for the latest position. Our main discussion here is substantially about the institutions of EU and NATO; some of the ‘outsiders’ are involved in such as the Council of Europe and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).
2. Study Group S013, January 2005–December 2006.