The effect of acute ethanol challenge on global visuospatial attention: Exaggeration of leftward bias in line bisection

Abstract

Acute alcohol challenge has been associated with a selective impairment of right hemisphere function. A hallmark of visuospatial neglect syndrome is that patients with right hemisphere lesions misbisect horizontal lines far rightward of veridical centre. Neurologically intact participants misbisect lines with a systematic leftward bias (pseudoneglect). Neuroimaging studies in neurologically intact participants reveal predominant right hemisphere activation during performance of line bisection tasks. The current study assessed whether acute alcohol challenge alters global visuospatial attention. Participants (N=18; 10 male; strongly right-handed; mean age 23 years) engaged in a forced-choice tachistoscopic line bisection task in both ethanol challenge (mean BAC=.077) and no ethanol control conditions. Mean leftward bisection error in the control condition was −0.238 degrees visual angle (1.05% line length), and leftward bisection error significantly increased (p=.001) under ethanol challenge (−0.333 degrees visual angle, 1.47% line length). Mean bisection precision in the control condition was 0.358 degrees visual angle (1.58% line length); bisection precision significantly deteriorated (p=.008) under ethanol challenge (0.489 degrees, 2.17% line length). Decreased bisection precision indicates that ethanol disrupts the fidelity of visuospatial performance. The exaggerated leftward bisection error implies that ethanol may exert a differential effect on left versus right hemispheric function with respect to the control of global visuospatial attention.

Keywords:

• Line bisection
• Pseudoneglect
• Visuospatial attention
• Ethanol

Acknowledgements

The experiment described in this paper was made possible by grants to MEM: NIH P20 RR020151, NIH R15 EY12267, and NSF EPS-0132289. The National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) and the National Eye Institute (NEI) are components of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). EPSCoR (EPS) is a division of the National Science Foundation (NSF). The contents of this report are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views of the NSF, NIH, NCRR, or NEI. The authors thank Dr Mark Nawrot for informative discussion, and Wren Pasieka and Caitlin Schultz for help with conducting the experiment. There are no commercial conflicts of interest.