Notes
1. Richard Ashley, “Living on Border Lines: Man, Poststructuralism, and War”, in James Der Derian and Michael J. Shapiro (eds.), International/Intertextual Relations (Lexington, MA: Lexington Books 1989), p. 262. See also Richard K. Ashley and R.B.J. Walker, “Reading Dissidence/Writing the Discipline: Crisis and the Question of Sovereignty in International Studies”, International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 34, No. 3 (1990); Jim George and David Campbell, “Patterns of Dissent and the Celebration of Difference: Critical Social Theory and International Relations”, International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 34, No. 3 (1990); Richard K. Ashley, “Untying the Sovereign State: A Double Reading of the Anarchy Problematique”, Millennium: Journal of International Studies, Vol. 17 (1988); idem, “The Geopolitics of Geopolitical Space: Toward a Critical Social Theory of International Politics”, Alternatives, Vol. 12, No. 4 (1987).
2. Michel Foucault, The Order of Things (London: Tavistock, 1970); idem, The Archaeology of Knowledge (trans. A.M. Sheridan Smith), 1st American edn (New York: Pantheon Books, 1972).
3. See, principally, Michael Dillon and Andrew W. Neal (eds.), Foucault on Politics, Security and War (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008); Julian Reid, The Biopolitics of the War on Terror: Life Struggles, Liberal Modernity and the Defence of Logistical Societies (Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 2007); Michael Dillon, “Governing Terror: The State of Emergency of Biopolitical Emergence”, International Political Sociology, Vol. 1, No. 1 (2007).
4. See Nikolas S. Rose, Pat O'Malley and Mariana Valverde, “Governmentality”, Annual Review of Law and Social Science, Vol. 2 (2006); Jacques Donzelot and Colin Gordon, “Governing Liberal Societies: The Foucault Effect in the English-speaking World”, Foucault Studies, No. 5 (2008). See also Graham Burchell, Colin Gordon and Peter Miller (eds.), The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality: With Two Lectures by and an Interview with Michel Foucault (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1991); Andrew Barry, Thomas Osborne and Nikolas S. Rose (eds.), Foucault and Political Reason: Liberalism, Neo-liberalism, and Rationalities of Government (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1996).
7. Ibid., p. 137.
10. David Campbell, “The Biopolitics of Security: Oil, Empire, and the Sports Utility Vehicle”, American Quarterly, Vol. 57, No. 3 (2005), p. 949.
5. Michel Foucault, The History of Sexuality: An Introduction (New York: Vintage Books, 1990), p. 137.
6. Ibid., p. 139.
8. See the “Biopolitics of Security Network” website, available: <http://www.keele.ac.uk/research/lpj/bos/index.htm> (accessed 1 July 2009).
9. See, for example, Dillon and Neal (eds.), op. cit.
11. Dillon and Neal (eds.), op. cit.; Reid, op. cit.; Dillon, op. cit.
12. See, for example, Majia Holmer Nadesan, Governmentality, Biopower, and Everyday Life (New York: Routledge, 2008); Michael Dillon, “Governing through Contingency: The Security of Biopolitical Governance”, Political Geography, Vol. 26 (2007).
13. Michael Merlingen, “Monster Studies”, International Political Sociology, Vol. 2, No. 3 (2008).
14. Rose, O'Malley and Valverde, op. cit.; Donzelot and Gordon, op. cit.
15. Rose, O'Malley and Valverde, op. cit.
16. Burchell, Gordon and Miller (eds.), op. cit.; Barry, Osborne and Rose (eds.), op. cit.
17. Jan Selby, “Engaging Foucault: Discourse, Liberal Governance and the Limits of Foucauldian IR”, International Relations, Vol. 21, No. 3 (2007); David Chandler, “Critiquing Liberal Cosmopolitanism? The Limits of the Biopolitical Approach”, International Political Sociology, Vol. 3, No. 1 (2009).
18. Arturo Escobar, Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995).
19. In fact, the notion of governmentality has been used productively to examine colonial and post-colonial social and political projects. See, for example, David Scott, “Colonial Governmentality”, Social Text, No. 43 (1995); U. Kalpagam, “Colonial Governmentality and the Public Sphere in India”, Journal of Historical Sociology, Vol. 14, No. 4 (2001); James Ferguson and Akhil Gupta, “Spatializing States: Toward an Ethnography of Neoliberal Governmentality”, American Ethnologist, Vol. 29, No. 4 (2005); Michael Watts, “Resource Curse? Governmentality, Oil and Power in the Niger Delta, Nigeria”, Geopolitics, Vol. 9, No. 1 (2004); Morgan Brigg, “Empowering NGOs: The Microcredit Movement through Foucault's Notion of Dispositif”, Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, Vol. 26, No. 3 (2001); idem, “Post-development, Foucault and the Colonisation Metaphor”, Third World Quarterly, Vol. 23, No. 3 (2002).
20. See, for example, Selby, op. cit.
21. See the lectures of 22 and 29 March 1978 in Michel Foucault, Security, Territory, Population: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1977–1978 (ed. Arnold I. Davidson, trans. Graham Burchell) (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007), pp. 285–332.
22. Chandler, op. cit.
23. Michel Foucault, The Birth of Biopolitics: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1978–79 (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008), p. 318.
24. Foucault, Security, Territory, Population, op. cit., p. 109.