Symptoms of depression and cognitive functioning in older American Indians

Abstract

Depression and lower cognitive functioning are common conditions in older populations. While links between psychopathology and neuropsychological performance have been studied in the white majority population, little is known about such links in the American Indian population. American Indians aged 60 and older (n = 140) completed structured interviews that included a depression screener and two cognitive screening measures, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS). Participants had mean values of 26.7/30 on the MMSE and 125.8/144 on the MDRS. The depression screen was not associated with the MMSE or MDRS total scores. However, older American Indians who screened positive for depression scored lower than did those American Indians who screened negatively for depression (27.7 versus 29.8 respectively) on the MDRS conceptualization subscale after adjusting for sociodemographic and health variables. The combined effects of psychopathology and cognitive impairment are likely to adversely impact the health and welfare of American Indians and their families. More research is needed to provide a better understanding of the relationship between psychopathology and cognition that will help inform clinical treatment for psychopathology in older ethnic minorities.

Acknowledgements

This research was funded by the National Institute on Aging (NIA; K01 AG20232-03, Lori L. Jervis, PI) and the NIA-funded Native Elders Research Center (2 P30 AG15292-09, Spero Manson, PI). The authors wish to express their gratitude to the participants who so generously contributed their time to this research effort. In addition, we thank the tribal council that approved the project, Sheila Young and LaRaine Waln, who conducted interviews, David B. Arciniegas, neuropsychiatrist consultant, and Spero Manson and Jeannette Beals for their expertise and assistance in manuscript preparation.