Race differences in emotional adaptation of family caregivers

Abstract

Objectives: This study compares black and white caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's disease (AD) on two general measures of negative and positive emotion (depressive symptoms, positive mood) and two caregiving specific measures of negative and positive emotion (caregiver burden, caregiver satisfaction). We hypothesized that black caregivers would exhibit lower levels of negative emotion and higher levels of positive emotion over time than whites.

Method: Three hundred ninety-six caregivers were recruited from the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center in Chicago, Illinois, as part of a longitudinal study of persons with AD. The analyses for this report are based on data from 307 caregivers who were interviewed quarterly over approximately 4 years from 1999 to 2002, an average of nine observations per person.

Results: The results showed that black caregivers reported fewer depressive symptoms over time than whites ( = −0.14, p < 0.01) but this finding was only for those caregivers living with the care recipient with AD. No race differences were found for measures of positive emotion.

Conclusion: Our data add to the growing body of evidence that blacks have better emotional outcomes when exposed to the stress of providing informal care to a disabled family member.

Keywords:

• caregiver affect
• psychological adjustment
• race/ethnicity
• Alzheimer's disease

Acknowledgements

This study was supported by grants from the National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (R01 AG09966, R01 AG10315). The authors thank study participants and their family members for commitment of time and energy to the project. We would like to acknowledge the significant contribution of Dr David W. Gilley to the conceptualization, analytic interpretation, and portions of drafted text of this manuscript. We also thank Melinda Scheuer and her staff of research assistants for data collection activities, Todd Beck, M.S., for analytic programming, and George Dombrowski and his staff for data management. Reprint requests should be addressed to Kimberly A. Skarupski, PhD, M.P.H., Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, 1645 W. Jackson, Suite 675, Chicago, IL, 60612-3227; telephone: [phone]; Email: [email protected].