Identity processes as a predictor of memory beliefs in older adults

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The impact of identity processes (identity assimilation, identity accommodation, and identity balance) on memory beliefs was explored.

Method: Individually administered questionnaires (e.g. depressive symptoms, subjective health, identity processes, memory beliefs) and a brief neuropsychological assessment of cognitive abilities were completed during a one-time interview with 82 participants aged 58–92 years-old (M = 74.68, SD = 10.95). Forty (49.4%) identified their race as White/Caucasian, 38 (46.9%) identified their race as Black/African American, and 3 (3.7%) indicated no primary racial/ethnic group.

Results: Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that identity processes account for differences in memory beliefs beyond established predictors. Specifically, identity accommodation and identity balance predicted memory self-efficacy beyond depression and subjective health. These findings are congruent with identity process theory; however, the impact of identity assimilation in this population was unremarkable. Exploratory analyses also indicated that the identity processes have a stronger relationship to some domains of memory self-efficacy (i.e. anxiety, capacity) than others (i.e. perceived change, locus of control).

Conclusion: Beliefs about memory and their integration into an adaptable, yet consistent self-concept are an important element of identity for aging individuals. Additional research is needed to determine the unique role of identity accommodation and identity balance in understanding cognitive functioning and ultimately the impact on potential clinical applications, such as related health-seeking behavior among older adults. Tailored interventions could be developed to facilitate optimal utilization of health care services at a time when early diagnosis of memory-related disorders is critical for future planning and care decisions.

KEYWORDS:

• Metamemory
• self-concept
• aging
• cognition
• identity process

Acknowledgments

This Master's thesis work was completed with support of the first author from The University of Alabama Psychology Department, Graduate School, and Center for Mental Health and Aging (now the Alabama Research Institute on Aging) Student Research Fellowships. Special thanks are offered to Dr Jamie DeCoster and Dr Lucinda Roff. Preparation of this manuscript was supported with resources and the use of facilities at the Tuscaloosa VA Medical Center, Tuscaloosa, Alabama. The contents of this article do not represent the views of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs or the United States Government.

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This work was authored as part of the Contributor's official duties as an Employee of the United States Government and is therefore a work of the United States Government. In accordance with 17 U.S.C. 105, no copyright protection is available for such works under U.S. Law.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.