Barriers and facilitators to depression screening in older adults: a qualitative study

Abstract

Objectives: The objective of this qualitative study was to better understand facilitators and barriers to depression screening for older adults.

Methods: We conducted 43 focus groups with 102 providers and 247 beneficiaries or proxies: 13 focus groups with Medicare providers, 28 with older Medicare beneficiaries, and 2 with caregivers of older Medicare beneficiaries. Each focus group was recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using principles of grounded theory.

Results: There was widespread consensus among beneficiary and provider focus group participants that depression screening was important. However, several barriers interfered with effective depression screening, including stigma, lack of resources for treatment referrals, and lack of time during medical encounters. Positive communication with providers and an established relationship with a trusted provider were primary facilitators for depression screening. Providers who took the time to put their beneficiaries at ease and used conversational language rather than clinical terms appeared to have the most success in eliciting beneficiary honesty about depressive symptoms. Respondents stressed the need for providers to be attentive, concerned, non-judgmental, and respectful.

Conclusion: Findings indicate that using person-centered approaches to build positive communication and trust between beneficiaries and providers could be an effective strategy for improving depression screening. Better screening can lead to higher rates of diagnosis and treatment of depression that could enhance quality of life for older adults.

Keywords:

• Depression
• mental health assessments
• qualitative research
• psychosocial and cultural aspects

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the assistance of L&M Policy Research, Salter Mitchell, and the CMS Office of Communications in conducting focus groups.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services under Contract Number HHSM-500-2011-00019I.