Do past and prospective adversities intersect? Distinct effects of cumulative adversity and the hostile-world scenario on functioning at later life

Abstract

Objectives: Studies have barely juxtaposed the effect of cumulative adversity over one’s past life on health in later life with the related effect of one’s actual or anticipated adversities. The latter adversities, anchored in the individual’s present and future, are referred to by the concept of the hostile-world scenario (HWS). The aim of the current study was to examine the distinct effects of cumulative adversity and the HWS on changes in health over time using various markers of physical and mental health.

Method: The study examined a subsample of 1,081 three-wave survivors drawn from SHARE-Israel using a cumulative adversity measure at Wave 1, a HWS measure at Wave 3, and six health markers at the three waves (with four-year intervals).

Results: Cumulative adversity was associated with health markers at Wave 1, but it did not predict almost any short or long-term change in the health markers. The HWS showed unique associations with all concurrent health markers as well as with their changes over the last 8 years. In one emerging interaction, the advantage of lower HWS to better cognitive functioning decreased as cumulative trauma increased.

Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the dialectical experience of potential trauma survivors, combining both vulnerability and resilience in the face of past adversity and prospective challenges. It seems that the HWS has a significantly adaptive role in identifying one’s functional status at present as well as functional changes that have occurred over time.

Keywords:

• Cumulative adversity
• hostile-world scenario
• aging
• SHARE-Israel
• physical and mental health

Disclosure statement

The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Additional information

Funding

The project development and data collection for Waves 1-3 in SHARE-Israel were supported by the National Institutes of Health of the United States (NIH), National Insurance Institute of Israel, German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development (GIF), European Commission through the 7th framework program, the Israeli Ministry of Science and Technology, and the Israeli Ministry of Senior Citizens. The data were collected and managed by the Israeli Gerontological Data Center at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. The authors are grateful to Howard Litwin for facilitating the study with the SHARE-Israel data. In addition, work and other preparations for this paper were funded by the Israeli Ministry of Science and Technology (Grant 3-12067).