Volunteering and loneliness in older adults: A parallel mediation model

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the relationship between participation in volunteer work and loneliness among older adults, and to explore the mediating role of perceived control and perceived social self-efficacy in this association.

Method: This study was developed as a secondary data analysis using the data sampled from the 2016 Health and Retirement Study in USA. The sample comprised 9,944 individuals aged between 65 and 107 years (mean = 75.94, SD = 7.70; 59.4% females). Using a multi-item survey questionnaire, frequent participation in volunteer youth work and charity work, loneliness, perceived control, and social self-efficacy were assessed. To examine the mediating effects of perceived control and social self-efficacy on the association between volunteer work and loneliness, the bootstrapping technique was performed.

Results: Two forms of volunteer works, namely, volunteer youth work and charity work, significantly predicted perceived control, social self-efficacy, and lower levels of loneliness. Perceived control and social self-efficacy appeared to significantly mediate the relationship between volunteer activities and loneliness.

Conclusion: The study’s findings put forward a need to develop policy provisions that facilitate supporting systems and organizations for life-long education and recruitment of older volunteers. Community-based organizations should create and promote volunteer opportunities in older adults, thereby alleviating later-life loneliness

Keywords:

• Volunteering
• loneliness intervention
• mediation mode

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Ethics review

The current study employed publicly available secondary data. Thus, the Ethic Committee of the authors’ institutions waived the need for approval.

Author contributions

S. Lee designed the study, performed all statistical analyses, and wrote and revised the manuscript.