Immigrant students’ educational expectations: the role of religious affiliation and practice

Abstract

A body of scholarly work has emerged on educational expectations. More recently, the relationship between educational expectations and immigrant background in Western Europe has been investigated. Although the results of this type of inquiry show that students with an immigrant background tend to have higher educational expectations, potential explanations of this relationship remain unarticulated. In this article, we investigate whether religious affiliation and practice help explain the relationship between immigrant background and educational expectations. We use the Flemish survey data from the 2009 wave of the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS). In comparison with students who claimed to have no religious affiliation, students with a Muslim and other religious affiliation were more likely to have these expectations. This relation does not hold for the students with a Christian religious affiliation. However, the effect of religious affiliation disappears when the effects of religious participation were included. We also found that the more religiously active, the higher the educational expectations are for the students. This effect diminished when we controlled for talking with parents about political or social issues. The relationship between immigrant background and educational expectations is partially explained by the level of religious practice and religious affiliation of students.

Keywords:

• Religious affiliation
• religious practice
• educational expectations

Notes

1. There are different types of families in this category: (1) a father, mother, female and male guardian; (2) a mother, a female guardian and a male guardian; (3) a mother, a father and a male guardian; (4) a female guardian, father and a male guardian; and (5) a mother, a father and a female guardian.

2. If we assume that the level 1 variance term is constrained to 3.29 (π²/3), we can calculate the intraclass correlation as follows: (1.15/(1.15 + 3.29)): 0.26, N = 2968 and J = 175 (Hox 2010, 128; Ruiter and Van Tubergen 2009, 878).