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The role of rehabilitation in juvenile low back disorders

, &
Pages 174-184 | Received 30 Mar 2004, Accepted 24 Mar 2005, Published online: 10 Jul 2009
 

Abstract

Both children and adolescents are frequently affected by low back pain—mainly when they are involved in sporting activities—but they rarely ask for medical help, because their symptoms are often mild and self-resolving. However, in the young patients who seek orthopaedic evaluation, especially in referral centres, there is a high incidence of organic causes of their back pain. Mechanical, developmental, inflammatory and tumoural or tumour-like disorders are the most frequent aetiologic factors. A diagnosis of psychosomatic back pain should be made only when all the other possible organic causes have been excluded. Rehabilitation is part of the treatment of low back disorders in children and adolescents. Postural low back pain is likely to be resolved by physical therapy alone. In other disorders that initially require medical, orthotic or surgical treatment, rehabilitation plays an important role either in combination with them or as a subsequent treatment.

Tanto niños como adolescentes son afectados frecuentemente por dolor bajo de espalda, principalmente cuando están involucrados en actividades deportivas, pero raras veces solicitan ayuda médica, pues sus síntomas generalmente son ligeros y se resuelven solos. Sin embargo, en los pacientes que buscan una evaluación ortopédica, especialmente en centros de referencia, existe una alta incidencia de causas orgánicas en su dolor de espalda. Los factores etiológicos más frecuentes son los mecánicos, del desarrollo, inflamatorios y tumorales, o alteraciones parecidas a los tumores. Un diagnóstico de dolor de espalda psicosomático deberá ser realizado solamente cuando las otras causas orgánicas posibles hayan sido excluidas. La rehabilitación es parte del tratamiento de las alteraciones de la espalda baja en niños y adolescentes. El dolor de espalda baja postural suele resolverse con la terapia física únicamente. En otras alteraciones que inicialmente requieren de tratamientos médicos, ortésicos o quirúrgicos, la rehabilitación juega un papel importante tanto en combinación con ellos, o como un tratamiento subsecuente.

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