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ABSTRACT
A flood evacuation represents a complex geographic phenomenon that includes comprehensive interactions among humans, the flood and urban environments; thus, the simulation of flood evacuations requires crowd simulation models to be coupled with flood models. This paper studies the human-environment relationship during flooding and promotes a simulation model that combines cellular automata and a multiagent system to simulate crowd evacuations in flood disasters. A case study of Niaodao Island was used to evaluate the performance of flood evacuation experiments, and real-participant experiments based on the virtual reality (VR) environment were employed for bench-mark comparisons. The integrated model can provide a comprehensive solution to assist flood risk analysis.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
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Notes on contributors
Yi Li
Dr. Yi LI is now an associate researcher of Institute of Remote Sensing and digital Earth, CAS. He obtained his Ph.D. at the Institute of Remote Sensing applications, CAS and carried out visiting scholar research in University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, USA during 2016-2017. At present, he serves as the assistant director of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Geoinfomatics. He is also a member of the Virtual Geographical Environment Committee of the International Digital Earth Commission. During his research career, Dr. Yi LI has hosted three projects of the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation and published over 40 academic papers.
Bisong Hu
Dr. Bisong Hu received his B.S. degree from Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, in 2004 and the Ph.D. degree from University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, in 2009. He is currently an Associate Professor in Geography and Environment Department, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China. His research interests include spatial statistics, epidemic spread simulation, complex network and spatial-temporal big data analysis.
Dong Zhang
Mr. Dong Zhang received his M.S. degree from Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, China. He is now a Ph.D. candidate at National Engineering Center for Geoinformatics, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences. His interests mainly include 3D GIS and Virtual Geographic Environment.
Jianhua Gong
Dr. Jianhua Gong is now a professor at the Institute of Remote Sensing and digital Earth, CAS in GIS, Remote Sensing and virtual geographic environments. He obtained his Ph.D. at Peking University in 1995, and carried out postdoctoral research work in Institute of Geography and Resources Research, CAS, and in the Department of Geography, The Chinese University of Hong Kong. Dr. Gong’s research interests include geo-visualization, virtual geographic environments, medical geography, and regional sustainable development. He has published a book entitled “Virtual Geographic Environments- A Geographic Perspective in Online Virtual Reality”.
Yiquan Song
Dr. Yiquan Song received his Ph.D. degree from University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, in 2011. He is currently an associate professor in School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China. His research interests include geographic process simulation, and virtual geographic environment.
Jun Sun
Dr. Jun Sun received his B.S. degree from Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, in 2007 and Ph.D. degree from University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, in 2012. He is currently a Research Assistant with National Engineering Center for Geoinformatics, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. His research interests include complex system simulation, UAV remote sensing, and Smart City.