Spatial and Non-spatial Proximities in Inter-firm Relations: An Empirical Analysis

Abstract

This article describes a variety of combinations with regard to proximities (spatial and non-spatial) in inter-firm relations, and identifies their main determinants. The data employed come from a survey of more than 1,400 small and medium-sized firms in the Brittany region (France), which describe the relationship with their principal partner. Apart from spatial distance between partners, three forms of non-spatial proximity are identified—cognitive, technological and organizational—which are assessed in terms of their role in the relations. A typology of the relationships based on forms of proximity identifies a wide variety of configurations, which depend primarily on the nature of the relationship, and especially on the need for coordination.

Keywords:

• Spatial proximity
• non-spatial proximity
• inter-firm relations
• Brittany
• France

Notes

¹ The distribution of this sub-sample is close to that of the whole sample (which is representative of the Brittany region) in terms of firms' size and business sector.

² Detailed methodology leading to this result is presented in section 4.2.