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Original Articles

The organizational stratification of opportunities for work–life balance

Addressing issues of equality and social justice in the workplace

Pages 179-195 | Published online: 22 Oct 2010
 

Abstract

As organizational scholars, we offer an ‘organizational stratification’ approach useful for revealing inequalities in the distribution of work–life ‘opportunities’ within and across jobs and workplaces. In doing so, we discuss the implications of historically narrow conceptualizations of workplace opportunity — typically focused on promotion only — and suggest a more expansive approach to theorizing, and in turn operationalizing, workplace opportunities essential to worker and family well‐being. We illustrate how researchers might employ an organizational stratification approach by describing an ongoing research project in which we differentiate opportunities ‘on paper’ from opportunities ‘in practice’ and examine variations in how US employers distribute work–life opportunities among lower‐skilled jobs. We demonstrate how an organizational stratification perspective can be useful for developing knowledge on the nature of inequality in the distribution of opportunities for work–life balance, and thus, for suggesting new avenues that enhance social justice in the workplace.

Como especialistas en organizaciones, ofrecemos un enfoque de ‘la estratificación organizacional’, que resulta útil para revelar las desigualdades en la distribución de ‘las oportunidades’ para el trabajo y la vida en los empleos y los lugares de trabajo. Así, discutimos las implicaciones de las conceptualizaciones históricamente restringidas de las oportunidades laborales — generalmente enfocadas solamente en las promociones — y sugerimos un enfoque más amplio para teorizar y llevar a la práctica esas oportunidades de trabajo tan esenciales para el bienestar del empleado y su familia. Ilustramos cómo los investigadores pueden utilizar un enfoque de la estratificación organizativa, describiendo un proyecto actual de investigación en el que diferenciamos las oportunidades declaradas de las practicadas e investigamos cómo los empleadores distribuyen las oportunidades para el trabajo y la vida en los empleos menos especializados. Demostramos cómo una perspectiva de la estratificación de las organizaciones puede ser útil para desarrollar el conocimiento de la naturaleza de la desigualdad en la distribución de las oportunidades que permitan un equilibrio entre el trabajo y la vida y para proponer nuevas maneras de incrementar la justicia social en los lugares de empleo.

Notes

The Project on the Public Economy of Work is supported by grants from the Ford Foundation, the National Science Foundation, and the Soros Open Society Institute. Co‐directors: Evelyn Brodkin and Susan Lambert.

A fuller reporting of our findings can be found in CitationHenly and Lambert (in press), Lambert and Haley‐Lock (Citation2001), and Lambert et al. (Citation2002), available from the senior author.

Categorizing professionals working less than full‐time as ‘reduced compensation professionals’ allows employers to extend benefits to these workers while simultaneously excluding workers in part‐time jobs from benefits (Lambert et al., Citation2002).

Our study suggests that mandatory overtime is a problem in some industries, such as hospitality, but reduction of work hours is particularly commonplace in the workplaces we have studied.

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