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Original Articles

DIFFERENT CLASSES, DIFFERENT FATHERS?

On fatherhood, economic conditions and class in Sweden

Pages 93-110 | Published online: 21 Feb 2007
 

Abstract

This paper discusses how social class and different economic conditions influence men's parenting. The paper is based on a qualitative study of 30 Swedish couples who live together with their biological children. The study shows that, despite the generosity of the Swedish welfare state and family subsidies, both internal and external economic conditions affect the way men construct their fatherhood. This was shown most clearly in the couples’ discussions around parental leave where parents under economic pressure often distributed the leave in a gender-traditional way. It was also apparent how traditional class patterns and structures still have a strong influence on today's parenthood. Fathers in working-class households often saw fatherhood as creating meaning in their lives and saw the process of becoming a parent as an explicit aspiration to establish something ‘natural’, well known and predictable. Fathers in middle-class households, on the other hand, considered fatherhood as something new, a reflexive project or an opportunity to develop their identity and to get to know new sides of themselves. In practice, these different ways of creating meaning in fatherhood are illustrated by the finding that working-class fathers tend to take up fewer parental leave days and uphold more traditional patterns of family life than fathers in middle-class households.

Este artículo discute cómo la clase social y las diferentes condiciones económicas influyen en la paternidad. El artículo está basado en un estudio cualitativo de 30 parejas suecas quiénes viven juntos con sus hijos biológicos. El estudio muestra que, a pesar de la generosidad del estado de bienestar sueco y de los subsidios familares, tanto las condiciones económicas internas y externas afectan la manera en que los hombres construyen su paternidad. El indicador más fuerte de esto es la discusión que hacen acerca de la licencia de maternidad y paternidad que en las parejas bajo presión económica a menudo es dividida de una forma tradicional. También es manifiesto cómo los modelos y estructuras de clase tradicional todavía mantienen una fuerte influencia en la paternidad hoy en día. Los padres de los hogares de clase trabajadora a menudo dijeron que la paternidad les da sentido a su vida y el proceso de llegar a ser padres, es como una aspiración explícita a establecer algo ‘natural’, bien conocido y predecible. Los padres de los hogares de clase media, por otro lado, consideraron la paternidad como algo nuevo, un proyecto reflexivo o una oportunidad de desarrollar sus identidades y conocer nuevas facetas de ellos mismos. En la práctica, estas diferentes maneras de crear una paternidad están ilustradas por el descubrimiento de que los padres de la clase trabajadora tienden a tomar menos días libres para cuidar a sus hijos y mantienen un modelo más tradicional de la vida familiar que los pa dres de hogares de clase media.

Notes

1. This report is a summary of the study Children's Financially Exposed Situation during the 1990s (Salonen, Citation2002).

2. The project was in collaboration with the Department of Social Work, Göteborg University in Sweden and the Centre for Social Research and Practice, University of Sunderland in England. Professor Sven-Axel Månsson was project coordinator for the Swedish team and Director Jeremy Kearney for the British team.

3. These three areas have been selected as a result of a previous pilot study (see Plantin, Citation2001).

4. Fifty-five per cent of the men and 57% of the women had a college or university degree.

5. This way of socio-economic categorizing is based on the report Swedish Socioeconomic Classification by Statistics Sweden (1982).

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