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ARTICLES

The impact of migration on the well-being of transnational families: new data from sending communities in Mexico

, , , , &
Pages 91-103 | Received 26 Sep 2007, Published online: 04 Feb 2009
 

Abstract

We present results from a new study of the effects of migration to the USA on the well-being of transnational families in high emigration communities within Mexico. Our survey measured the well-being of family members in a variety of domains: economic, health, education, and child development for a representative sample drawn from high migration municipalities. Compared to those with no recent emigrants to the USA, Mexican households sending non-caregivers to the USA appear to gain economically without contributing to problems faced by children. However, when family caregivers migrate to the USA, the remaining members in Mexico struggle to meet the family's needs and children are more vulnerable to educational, emotional, and health problems. Children in households where a caregiver migrated were more likely to have frequent illnesses (10% vs. 3%, p<0.0001), chronic illness (7% vs. 3%, p=0.011), emotional problems (10% vs. 4%, p=0.006), and behavioral problems (17% vs. 10%, p=0.018) compared with children in households where the migrant was not a caregiver. Research, policy, and program implications of these findings are discussed.

Presentamos los resultados de un nuevo estudio sobre los efectos de la migración a los EEUU en el bienestar de las familias transnacionales en comunidades mexicanas con altas tasas de migración. Nuestra encuesta midió el bienestar de miembros de la familia en diversos ámbitos: económico, salud, educación, y desarrollo infantil, para una cantidad representativa de muestras provenientes de municipalidades con altas tasas de migración. En comparación con hogares sin emigrantes recientes a los EEUU, los hogares mexicanos donde los emigrantes a los EEUU no son cuidadores aparentan ganar económicamente sin contribuir a problemas enfrentados por miembros de la familia. Sin embargo, cuando los cuidadores de una familia emigran a los EEUU, los miembros restantes en México tienen dificultades para cubrir las necesidades familiares y son más vulnerables a problemas educacionales, emocionales y de salud. Las familias de emigrantes donde uno de los cónyuges emigraba tenían mayores probabilidades de tener un niño con bajo peso de nacimiento (menos de 2500 gramos) en comparación a familias sin emigrantes (16% vs. 11%, p=0.03). Por añadidura, los niños en hogares donde un cuidador emigraba tenían mayores probabilidades de tener enfermedades frecuentes (10% vs. 3%, p<0.0001), enfermedades crónicas (7% vs. 3%, p=0.011), problemas emocionales (10% vs. 4%, p=0.006), y problemas de conducta (17% vs. 10%, p=0.018) en comparación a niños en hogares donde el emigrante no era un cuidador. Las implicaciones de estos resultados para políticas públicas de investigación y programas son analizadas.

Acknowledgements

The research presented in this paper was made possible due to a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation. The authors would like to thank Edmundo Berumen for his valuable advice regarding the fielding of the survey. We are indebted to Magda Barrera, Jennifer Eckerman, Kate Penrose, and Parama Sigurdsen for their research and staff assistance.

Notes

1. High migration municipalities were identified using data from the 2000 Census of Mexico for migration moves during the period 1995–2000 (CONAPO, Citation2002; INEGI, Citation2000).

2. Currency conversion at time of study: 11 pesos = 1 US dollar.

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