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ARTICLES

Volunteering and the gender division of labour: A Franco-British comparison

Pages 457-473 | Published online: 20 Nov 2008
 

Abstract

Cross-national analyses of the gender division of labour usually focus on employment and domestic labour. This paper argues that formal and informal voluntary work should be included in such analyses. Using available secondary sources, the paper compares the gender division of voluntary work in Britain and France – two countries with well-documented differences and similarities concerning employment and domestic labour. The paper reveals that French women, with a higher commitment to the labour market and a slightly larger share of the burden of domestic labour, have a higher commitment to formal voluntary activity but engage less in informal volunteering than their British counterparts whereas French men, with shorter hours in employment and a slightly smaller contribution to domestic labour, undertake more formal and informal voluntary work than their British counterparts. In France, men consistently undertake more voluntary work than women whilst in Britain, there is a degree of gender equality in formal voluntary work but women undertake significantly more informal voluntary work than men. The paper explains the differences and similarities found by considering the role of the state and social policy, the question of ‘time availability’, and the question of what motivates individuals to undertake voluntary work.

Les études comparatives de la division du travail par sexe se focalisent normalement sur l'emploi et le travail domestique. Cet article suggère que le travail bénévole devrait être inclu dans de telles analyses. Utilisant des sources statistiques secondaires, l'article compare la division par sexe du travail bénévole en France et en Grande Bretagne – deux pays avec des différénces et des similarités concernant l'emploi et le travail domestique bien documentées. L'article révèle que the Françaises, plus engagées au marché du travail et ayant plus de responsabilités pour le travail domestique, participent plus au travail bénévole formel que les femmes britanniques, mais font moins de travail bénévole informel. En revanche, les hommes français ont des heures de travail salarié plus courtes et moins de responsabilités vis-à-vis le travail domestique que leurs homologues britanniques et font plus de travail bénévole formel et informel par rapport à ceux-ci. En France, les hommes font plus de travail bénévole que les femmes dans tous les contextes tandis qu'en Grande Bretagne, il existe une certaine égalité entre les sexes en ce qui concerne le travail bénévole formel. Pourtant, les femmes britanniques font plus de travail bénévole informel que les hommes et ceci de façon significative. Cet article s'engage à expliquer ces différences et similarités trouvées entre les deux pays en prenant en considération le suivant: le rôle de l'Etat et de la politique sociale; la question de la disponibilité en termes de temps pour faire ce travail; et la question des motivations des travailleurs bénévoles.

Notes

1. In the time-use studies, volunteer work is taken to mean ‘formal’ volunteer work and comprises ‘work done for an organisation and work directed to people via an organisation’.

2. Indeed, the European Commission ‘How Europeans Spend their Time’ data shows that French men spend on average 36 minutes per day on sports and exercise whereas French women only spend 23 minutes per day. Meanwhile, British men spend 18 minutes per day on sport and exercise whereas British women spend 11 minutes per day on this activity.

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