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ARTICLES

Balancing work and childcare – the legacy of a gender equality experiment

Pages 447-466 | Received 13 Aug 2008, Published online: 19 Apr 2010
 

Abstract

This paper addresses work–family articulation and gender issues in a generational context. The goal of the paper is to gain insight into the potential for change in time-squeezed dual-earner families through research intervention at the level of the household in ways responsive to gender equality. It draws on qualitative interviews with men and women whose parents participated in a research experiment in Norway in the 1970s. The couples who participated in the experiment were supposed to share domestic responsibilities and both spouses were to hold part-time jobs. The paper explores memories about growing up in experimenting families. It raises the question of whether innovative work-sharing strategies were reproduced when the next generation started having children. Childhood memories were found to be very positive, and the next generation shared the egalitarian values of their parents. The part-time/work-sharing model was, however, reproduced in only a few cases for a short period. The paper argues that generational transmission had a rather weak formative impact on a practical level, while opportunity structure in accordance with welfare state measures tended to direct the work–family articulation of the next generation.

Ce papier s'adresse à la question de concilier le travail payé et les responsabilités domestiques dans un contexte intergénérationnel. L'objectif du papier est de gagner connaissance dans le potentiel pour le changement dans les familles de double-salariés et temps-serrés par l'intervention de recherche au niveau du menage dans les façons sensibles à l’égalité de sexe. Il dessine sur les interviews qualitatives avec les hommes et les femmes dont les parents ont participé dans une expérimentation de recherche en Norvège dans les années 70. Les couples participantes ont été supposées pour partager des responsabilités domestiques et les deux époux étaient de tenir des emplois à temps partiel. Le papier explore des mémoires de grandir dans ces familles. Il élève la question si les stratégies de travail partagé innovatrices ont été reproduites quand la prochaine génération a commencé à avoir des enfants. Les mémoires d'enfance ont été trouvées pour être très positives, et la prochaine génération a partagé les valeurs égalitaires de leurs parents. Cependant le modèle familial pour partager le travail domestique tandis que les époux tiennent d'emploi à temps partiel se reproduit dans seulement quelques cas pour une période courte. Il est argumenté que la transmission intergénérationnelle eue un impact formateur plutôt faible sur un niveau pratique, tandis que la politique et mesures de l'Etat tendent a diriger les stratégies qu'adapte la prochaine génération pour concilier emploi et soins aux enfants.

Acknowledgements

I would like to thank John Eriksen, Annika Wetlesen, Randi Wærdahl, the NOVA family seminar, reviewers and editor for helpful comments.

Notes

1. In two cases Björnholt participated as an assistant interviewer and in two cases Björnholt was the sole interviewer.

2. Information provided by Björnholt.

3. The following formal childcare arrangements for pre-schoolers were used:

  • Childcare centres. Publicly sponsored high quality institutions with long hours of operation. Admission restricted.

  • Pre-school for six-year-olds. Publicly sponsored. More easily available in cities and towns.

  • Supervised playgrounds. Publicly sponsored. Widely accessible in cities and towns. Mostly open air with short hours of operation.

4. For an elaboration of how decision-making about paid and unpaid work may influence gender relation in couples, see Wiesmann, Boeije, van Doorne-Huiskes, and den Dulk (Citation2008).

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