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ARTICLES

Determinants of informal employment among working mothers in Mexico

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Pages 85-99 | Received 18 Feb 2010, Accepted 26 Jan 2011, Published online: 10 Aug 2011
 

Abstract

Whether women's informal employment is an involuntary marginal condition or a preferred alternative to formal employment has generated intense debate in academic and policy circles, particularly in view of women's disproportionate representation in the informal economy. We analyzed detailed interviews with 136 working mothers in Mexico to gain a better understanding of the factors leading to informal employment, as well as the impact of this work on these women and their families. Our results show that informal employment was not a choice for many women who entered the informal labor market due to human capital constraints and family responsibilities. Additionally, women commonly faced challenges in meeting the needs of both their employers and their families and earning adequate income. We suggest policy options to address the factors constraining women's employment opportunities and improve the situation of those women already working in the informal economy.

Las razones por las cuales las mujeres se unen a la fuerza laboral en el sector informal han sido objeto de intenso debate. En un extremo, existe el argumento de que el empleo en el sector informal refleja una condición involuntaria y marginal. En el otro extremo, está la creencia de que la decisión de unirse al sector informal es una alternativa preferida. Este debate es particularmente relevante debido a la representación desproporcionada de mujeres en la economía informal. Este artículo analiza entrevistas detalladas con 136 madres trabajadoras en México, con el propósito de alcanzar un mejor entendimiento de los factores que conducen a aceptar un empleo en este sector, y del impacto que este tipo de trabajo tiene sobre estas mujeres y sus familias. Nuestros resultados muestran que el empleo informal no es una opción para muchas mujeres, quienes se únen al mercado laboral informal debido a limitaciones en su nivel de capital humano y a sus responsabilidades familiares. Adicionalmente, estas mujeres frecuentemente enfrentan retos para satisfacer las necesidades de sus empleadores y de sus familias, y para recibir un nivel de ingreso adecuado. Sugerimos políticas diversas para enfrentar estos factores que restringen las oportunidades laborales de las mujeres, y para mejorar la situación de aquellas mujeres que ya se encuentran en el mercado laboral informal.

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