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Articles

Coworker support as a moderator in the relationship between daily experience of workload and an individual’s experience of same-day WFC: a buffer or an intensifier?

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Pages 569-588 | Received 04 Apr 2017, Accepted 02 Nov 2017, Published online: 11 Feb 2018
 

ABSTRACT

The present study looks at the interaction between daily experiences in the workplace – daily workload and daily coworker support – and examines its influence on negative affect and its subsequent impact on same-day work–family conflict (WFC). It proposes two competing moderation hypotheses (buffering vs. intensifying). According to the COR theory, support received from coworkers represents a resource that should buffer the relationship between daily workload and same-day WFC, because it should prevent individuals from experiencing negative affect triggered by high workload episodes which represents a threatening or stressful situation. In contrast, the threat to self-esteem model posits that receiving social support may engender feelings of indebtedness or helplessness at the time such support is provided, thereby amplifying the impact of workload experience on same-day WFC via an increased negative affect. Data collected from 130 pharmacists over 5 consecutive days were analyzed through multilevel structural equation modeling. The results support the hypothesis of the intensifying conditional indirect effect, and show that when individuals are provided with coworker support while experiencing high workload, negative affect is aggravated and hence, in turn, same-day WFC increases. This challenges the mainstream hypothesis that views social support as an important resource in protecting people from stressful events.

RÉSUMÉ

La présente étude s’intéresse à l’interaction entre des expériences quotidiennes issues du travail, soit la charge de travail et le soutien social des collègues, et examine l’influence de cette interaction sur l’affect négatif alors ressenti et le conflit travail-famille (CTF) qui en découle lors de cette même journée. Plus spécifiquement, l’étude oppose deux hypothèses de modération à l’égard du soutien social des collègues. La première hypothèse, basée sur la théorie de la conservation des ressources propose que le soutien social reçu des collègues au travail représente une ressource qui protège les individus des effets négatifs de la charge quotidienne de travail sur le CTF lors de cette même journée. Le soutien social des collègues est alors compris comme une ressource qui protège les individus de l’affect négatif qu’engendre un épisode de grande charge de travail. La seconde hypothèse proposée est basée sur le modèle de la menace à l’estime de soi et propose au contraire que recevoir du soutien social peut engendrer des sentiments d’impuissance et l’impression d’être redevable à l’autre au moment où le soutien est offert. Ce faisant, l’effet de l’expérience de charge de travail sur le CTF lors de cette même journée est amplifié en raison de l’affect négatif alors provoqué. Des données ont été collectées auprès de 130 pharmaciens durant 5 journées consécutives et analysées par le biais d’équations structurelles multiniveaux (ESM). Les résultats supportent l’hypothèse selon laquelle le soutien social des collègues a un effet d’amplification et montre que lorsque les individus reçoivent du soutien social de leurs collègues alors qu’ils ont une grande charge de travail, l’affect négatif engendré est encore plus grand et le CTF lors de cette même journée est alors aggravé. Ces résultats défient l’hypothèse dominante selon laquelle le soutien social est une ressource importante qui protège les individus dans des événements stressant.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes on contributors

Mélanie Trottier is a professor of work design at the School of Management (ESG UQAM), University of Quebec in Montreal. She is interested in the daily dynamics of the work–family interface and more specifically, her work examines the influence of work design characteristics on work–family issues.

Kathleen Bentein is a professor of organizational behavior at School of Management (ESG UQAM), University of Quebec in Montreal. Her main research areas include commitment, turnover and attitudes change across time. Her publications have appeared in a variety of journals, including Journal of Management or Journal of Applied Psychology.

Notes

1 The data collection reported here is part of a larger study.

2 Moderated mediation, also known as conditional indirect effects occurs when the treatment effect of an independent variable A on an outcome variable Y via a mediator variable M differs depending on levels of a moderator variable W. Specifically, either the effect of A on the M depends on the level of W (first-stage moderation), and/or the effect of M on Z depends on the level of W (second-stage moderation).

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