A blind proposed 3D mesh watermarking technique for copyright protection

ABSTRACT

Watermarking provides an efficient mechanism for copyright protection of digital media by embedding information in the object to identify the owner. This paper proposed a watermarking technique that can successfully embed a grey-scale image in a 3D mesh object. In our proposed technique, each three vertices of the 3D object can hide one pixel from the secret image. The experimental results showed that the proposed technique has better visual quality on both the watermarked object and the extracted secret image.

KEYWORDS:

• Data hiding
• 3D object
• watermarking
• copyright protection
• robustness

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Deanship of Scientific Research at Majmaah University for supporting this work under Project Number 38/61. Also, the authors are extremely grateful to the editors and the anonymous referees for their valuable comments and suggestions in improving this paper.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Notes on contributors

O. H. Khalil received the B.S. degree in mathematics from Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt, in 1992 and the M.S. and the Ph.D. degrees in Mathematical Analysis from Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt, in 2000 and 2006, respectively. He is currently an Assistant Professor in Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia. His current research interests include application of mathematics in computer science.

Ahmed Elhadad currently works as an Assistant Professor at College of Science and Arts, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia scince 2018. Later, He worked as a Post-Doc Researcher at CRACS & INESC - Porto LA, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto - Portugal. He was working as an assistant professor at Computer Science department, Faculty of Science - South Valley University, Egypt. He got his B.Sc, MSc and PhD degrees from the same department in 2007, 2010, and 2015, respectively. In 2012, He was granted mobility scholarship to (IST), Lisbon - Portugal. Now, his research focused on the area of Information Security and privacy.

A. Ghareeb received the B.S. degree in mathematics from South Valley University, Qena, Egypt, in 2001 and the M.S. and the Ph.D. degrees in topology from South Valley University, Qena, Egypt, in 2007 and 2009, respectively. He is currently an Associate Professor in Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Egypt and Mathematics Department, College of Science, Al-Baha University, Saudi Arabia. His current research interests include topology, algebra, fuzzy mathematics, similarity measures, and computer vision

ORCID

A. Ghareeb http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6093-0475

Additional information

Funding

The authors would like to thank Deanship of Scientific Research at Majmaah University for supporting this work under Project Number 38/61.