ABSTRACT
How to identify the spatial spillover effects and pollution risk transfer in cross-border tourism remains a research gap in the literature. This study embeds disembodied technology communications into the classical environmental Kuznets curve to develop a new tourism-induced environmental spatial hyperbolic model to differentiate these two opposite effects. This study finds that the disembodied technology communications of cross-border tourism reduce the pollution emissions of destinations in both local and adjacent regions. The relationships between pollution emissions and the economic growth of destinations in local and adjacent areas present an inverted U-shaped curve and a U-shaped curve, respectively. These results highlight that governments should upgrade the quality of cross-border tourism consumption to induce disembodied technology communications from developed countries.
Data availability statement
The datasets and code used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from Mendeley repository (http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/9bbsd4z4zf.2).
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).