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Culture, Health & Sexuality
An International Journal for Research, Intervention and Care
Volume 7, 2005 - Issue 6
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Original Articles

Drug use and risk behaviour among regular ecstasy users: Does sexuality make a difference?

Pages 599-614 | Published online: 16 Aug 2006
 

Abstract

This study aimed to compare homo/bisexual men and women with their heterosexual counterparts who were regular ecstasy users, to consider whether patterns of drug use or risk differed across these groups. Respondents (n = 852 ecstasy users) were recruited via advertisements in entertainment street press, gay and lesbian newspapers, music and clothing stores and at university campuses. Interviewer contacts and ‘snowball’ sampling were also utilized. In total, 23% of females in the sample self‐identified as lesbian or bisexual and 13% of males interviewed self‐identified as homo/bisexual. Rates of use of ‘newer’ drugs on the dance scene—crystal methamphetamine and ketamine—were higher among homo/bisexual men and women. Self‐reported risk behaviours such as unprotected sex and needle sharing (among those who had injected drugs) did not differ according to sexuality. However, homo/bisexual men and women were significantly more likely than heterosexual men and women to report a greater number of sexual partners and higher rates of injecting drug use. These findings suggest that among a group of people who were selected because they were regularly involved in the party drug market, initiatives designed to reduce harms related to injecting and sex risk may be needed for a greater proportion of homo/bisexual males and females who are involved in the dance/nightclub scene.

Résumé

Cette étude visait à comparer des hommes et des femmes homo/bisexuel(le)s consommant régulièrement de l'ecstasy, à leurs homologues hétérosexuel(le)s, afin de vérifier si les modèles d'usage de drogues ou de prise de risques diffèrent selon les groupes. Les répondants (n = 852) ont été recrutés par annonces dans la presse de loisirs, les journaux gays et lesbiens, les boutiques de disques et de vêtements, et sur les campus universitaires. Les connaissances personnelles des enquêteurs et un échantillonnage « en boule de neige » ont également été utilisés. Au total, se sont identifié(e)s comme lesbiennes ou bisexuelles, 23% des femmes, et comme homo/bisexuels, 13% des hommes. Les taux d'usage des « dernières drogues » sur la scène récréative – cristaux de métamphétamine et kétamine – étaient plus élevés chez les hommes et les femmes homo/bisexuel(le)s. Les comportements à risques auto‐déclarés, tels que les rapports sexuels non protégés et le partage de seringues (pour ceux qui consommaient des drogues injectables) ne varient pas selon l'orientation sexuelle. Cependant, les hommes et les femmes homo/bisexuel(le)s sont significativement plus susceptibles de déclarer un nombre plus élevé de partenaires sexuels ou des taux plus élevés d'usage de drogues injectables que les hommes et les femmes hétérosexuel(le)s. Ces résultats suggèrent que dans un groupe de personnes qui seraient sélectionnées en raison de leur implication dans le marché des drogues récréatives, des initiatives de réduction des risques liés à l'injection de drogues ou aux rapports sexuels peuvent être nécessaires pour la plus forte proportion d'hommes et de femmes homo/bisexuel(le)s évoluant sur la scène récréative et prenant ces risques.

Resumen

El objetivo de este estudio es comparar la conducta de hombres y mujeres homosexuales y bisexuales con sus homólogos heterosexuales que son usuarios regulares de éxtasis para poder analizar si existen diferencias en el modo en que ambos grupos se comportan con respecto al uso de estupefacientes o los riesgos que corren. Los entrevistados (n = 852 usuarios de éxtasis) fueron captados a través de anuncios en prensa de entretenimiento, revistas para gays y lesbianas, tiendas de música y ropa y en campus universitarios. También se utilizaron contactos de entrevistadores y un muestreo de tipo “bola de nieve”. En total, 23% de las mujeres en el muestreo se identificaron como lesbianas o bisexuales y el 13% de los hombres entrevistados se calificaron de homo/bisexuales. El porcentaje de uso de las drogas “más nuevas” en los ambientes de baile – metanfetamina cristal y ketamina – era más alto entre los hombres y mujeres homo/bisexuales. Las conductas de riesgos informadas por los mismos entrevistados, tales como relaciones sexuales sin protección y compartir jeringuillas (entre los que se habían inyectado drogas) no se diferenciaban en función de la sexualidad. Sin embargo, los hombres y mujeres homo/bisexuales presentaban significativamente más probabilidades que los hombres y mujeres heterosexuales a informar de un mayor número de compañeros sexuales y tasas mayores del uso de drogas mediante inyección. Estos resultados indican que para un grupo de personas que fueron seleccionadas por su participación regular en el mercado de las drogas que se suministran en fiestas, podrían ser necesarias iniciativas con el fin de reducir los daños relacionados con las inyecciones y el riesgo sexual para un mayor porcentaje de hombres y mujeres homo/bisexuales que participan en ambientes de bailes/discotecas.

Acknowledgements

The Party Drugs Initiative was funded by the National Drug Law Enforcement Research Fund (NDLERF). The following researchers contributed to the collection of data across Australia: Courtney Breen, Raimondo Bruno, Françoise Chanteloup, Jane Fischer, Rebecca Jenkinson, Jennifer Johnston, Stuart Kinner, Anne‐Marie Laslett, Chris Moon, Jaclyn Newman, Phoebe Proudfoot, Jeff Ward and Jo Weekley. Many thanks go to Libby Topp and Karen Price, who provided useful feedback on previous versions of the manuscript. Finally, thanks to the regular ecstasy users who were willing to be interviewed and share their experience.

Notes

1. This paper distinguishes between the powder form of methamphetamine that has traditionally been available in Australia (‘speed’), and the more potent forms: methamphetamine base (‘base’) and crystalline methamphetamine (‘crystal’). Speed is typically manufactured in Australia and ranges in colour due to differences in the chemicals used to produce it. It is usually of relatively low purity. Base (also called paste, wax, point or pure), is thought to be an oily or gluggy, damp, sticky, powder that often has a brownish tinge. Base, like speed, is thought to be manufactured in Australia. Crystal meth is a crystal or course powder that ranges from translucent to white but may also have a green, blue or pink tinge. Crystal is thought to be manufactured in Asia and imported. See Stafford et al. (Citation2005).

2. It should be noted that use of antidepressants includes both prescription and non‐prescription use. Daily use (180 days) is likely to indicate maintenance for medical purposes for the past 6 months.

3. ‘Penetrative sex’ was defined as the penetration of the vagina or anus with penis/fist or similar.

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