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Culture, Health & Sexuality
An International Journal for Research, Intervention and Care
Volume 13, 2011 - Issue 3
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Original Articles

Timing of first sex before marriage and its correlates: evidence from India

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Pages 327-341 | Received 06 May 2010, Accepted 21 Oct 2010, Published online: 10 Dec 2010
 

Abstract

While several studies have documented the extent of pre-marital sexual experience among young people in India, little work has been done to explore the factors that are correlated with the timing of pre-marital sexual initiation. This paper examines age at initiation of pre-marital sex, circumstances in which first sex was experienced, nature of first sexual experience and correlates of age at initiation of pre-marital sex. Life table estimates suggest that pre-marital sexual initiation occurred in adolescence for 1 in 20 young women and 1 in 10 young men. For the majority of these young people, their first sex was with an opposite-sex romantic partner. First sex, moreover, was unprotected for the majority and forced for sizeable proportion of young women. A number of individual, family-, peer- and community-level factors were correlated with age at first pre-marital sex. Moreover, considerable gender differences were apparent in the correlates of age at first pre-marital sex, with peer- and parent-level factors found more often to be significant for young women than men.

Si plusieurs études ont décrit le degré d'importance des expériences sexuelles pré-maritales parmi les jeunes en Inde, peu de travaux se sont penchés sur les facteurs qui sont corrélés au moment où l'initiation sexuelle pré-maritale a lieu. Cet article explore l'âge au moment de l'initiation aux rapports sexuels pré-maritaux, les circonstances dans lesquelles a lieu la première expérience sexuelle, la nature de celle-ci et les corrélats de l'âge lors des premiers rapports sexuels pré-maritaux. Les estimations des tables de vie suggèrent que les premiers rapports sexuels pré-maritaux ont lieu pendant l'adolescence pour une jeune femme sur vingt, et pour un jeune homme sur dix. Pour la plupart de ces jeunes, le premier rapport sexuel a eu lieu avec un partenaire de sexe opposé, dans le cadre d'une relation amoureuse. De plus, ce premier rapport n'a pas été protégé dans la plupart des cas et, pour une proportion non négligeable des jeunes femmes, a été forcé. Un nombre de facteurs individuels, familiaux, relatifs aux pairs et communautaires étaient corrélés à l'âge au premier rapport sexuel pré-marital. De plus, des différences importantes entre les genres ont émergé des corrélats de l'âge au premier rapport sexuel, des facteurs liés aux pairs et aux parents se révélant comme significatifs, plus souvent pour les jeunes femmes que pour les jeunes hommes.

Aunque el número de las experiencias sexuales antes del matrimonio entre los jóvenes de la India se ha documentado en varios estudios, se han realizado muy pocos trabajos sobre los factores correlativos del momento de la iniciación sexual prematrimonial. En este artículo examinamos la edad de inicio de las relaciones sexuales prematrimoniales, las circunstancias en que se experimenta la primera relación sexual, la naturaleza de la primera relación sexual y los factores correlativos de la edad de iniciar el sexo antes del matrimonio. Las estimaciones de las tablas de mortalidad indican que la iniciación a las relaciones sexuales prematrimoniales ocurre en la adolescencia en una de 20 mujeres jóvenes y en uno de 10 hombres jóvenes. Para la mayoría de estos jóvenes, su primera relación sexual fue una relación romántica con el sexo opuesto. Sin embargo, la primera relación sexual fue sin protección para la mayoría y forzada para una parte considerable de mujeres jóvenes. La edad de la primera relación sexual prematrimonial está relacionada con varios factores a nivel del individuo, la familia, los compañeros y la comunidad. Además, se observaron considerables diferencias entre ambos sexos en cuanto a los factores correlativos de la edad de la primera relación sexual prematrimonial, y la influencia de los compañeros y padres era más frecuente y significativa entre las chicas jóvenes que en los hombres.

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the support for this study by the MacArthur Foundation and the Packard Foundation. We are grateful to Shilpi Rampal Komal Saxena for her support and assistance in preparing the manuscript.

Notes

1. At the conclusion of the interview, young people were asked to mark a blank card indicating whether or not they had ever experienced pre-marital sex, place the card in an envelope, seal it and return it to the interviewer. Respondents were informed that only the principal investigators would be able to link the information provided in the envelope with what was provided in the main body of the questionnaire.

2. Our questionnaire did not probe condom use for sexual experiences with romantic partners other than the first or the most recent, casual sex partners, spouse before marriage or those reporting forced sex perpetrated by a non-romantic partner. Hence, condom use at first sex couldn't be ascertained for 7 and 11% of sexually experienced young women and men, respectively.

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