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Culture, Health & Sexuality
An International Journal for Research, Intervention and Care
Volume 13, 2011 - Issue 4
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Original Articles

Masculinity and the persistence of AIDS stigma

Pages 443-456 | Received 08 May 2010, Accepted 20 Nov 2010, Published online: 18 Jan 2011
 

Abstract

With the expansion of access to HIV testing and antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa, questions have emerged as to whether stigma remains a useful concept for understanding the effects of AIDS. There is, however, a paucity of research on how HIV-positive Africans – especially African men – experience living with AIDS. This paper addresses this gap and draws on findings from ethnographic fieldwork in 2004 and 2009 with a support group for HIV-positive men in Kampala, Uganda. The paper demonstrates that stigma is central to how men in this context coped with HIV and AIDS and it provides a conceptual framework that links men's experiences of AIDS stigma to conceptions of masculinity. In so doing, findings highlight both the possibilities and challenges of involving African men more fully in HIV prevention.

Parallèlement à l'élargissement de l'accès au dépistage du VIH et à la thérapie antirétrovirale en Afrique sub-saharienne, des questions ont émergé quant à la stigmatisation: est-elle encore un concept permettant de comprendre les effets du sida? Cependant peu de recherches ont exploré comment les Africains séropositifs au VIH – en particulier les hommes – expérimentent la vie avec le sida. Cet article aborde ces lacunes et exploite les résultats d'un travail de terrain ethnographique mené entre 2004 et 2009 avec un groupe de soutien pour des hommes séropositifs au VIH, à Kampala, Ouganda. Il démontre que la stigmatisation est au cœur des processus mis en place par ces hommes pour faire face au VIH et au sida, et propose une base conceptuelle rapprochant les expériences de stigmatisation liées au sida aux conceptions de la virilité. Ainsi, les résultats mettent l'accent à la fois sur les opportunités et sur les défis représentés par une plus forte implication des hommes africains dans la prévention du VIH.

Con la ampliación del acceso a las pruebas del VIH y el tratamiento con antirretrovirales en el África subsahariana, se ha planteado si el estigma sigue siendo un concepto útil para entender los efectos del sida. Sin embargo, hay una escasez de investigaciones sobre cómo es la experiencia de los africanos seropositivos, especialmente los hombres africanos, de vivir con el sida. En este artículo analizamos esta laguna basándonos en los resultados de un trabajo de campo etnográfico llevado a cabo en 2004 y 2009 con un grupo de apoyo para hombres seropositivos de Kampala, Uganda. En este artículo demostramos que el estigma es un aspecto central en el modo en que los hombres en este contexto sobrellevan el VIH y el sida. Asimismo proporcionamos una estructura conceptual que vincula las experiencias de los hombres que sufren estigma por ser seropositivos con las concepciones de masculinidad. De este modo, los resultados ponen de relieve las posibilidades y los retos de que los hombres africanos participen con más plenitud en la prevención del VIH.

Acknowledgements

This research would not have been possible without the generous support of union members, clinic staff and volunteers. I am grateful for the opportunity to become an honorary member of the union and for the willingness of union members to share their life stories with me. This paper benefited from the valuable comments received from Megan Comfort, Tim Lane, Rachel Rinaldo and Nicolas Sheon, as well as the very insightful feedback from the anonymous reviewers. Support for research and writing were provided in part by a grant from the National Science Foundation and a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of California, San Francisco funded by the National Institute of Mental Health.

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