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Culture, Health & Sexuality
An International Journal for Research, Intervention and Care
Volume 20, 2018 - Issue 2
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Original Articles

Dating persons with physical disabilities: the perceptions of South Africans without disabilities

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Pages 141-155 | Received 12 Dec 2016, Accepted 23 May 2017, Published online: 21 Jun 2017
 

Abstract

There is good reason to believe that the attitudes of persons without disability towards dating a person with a physical disability might be unfavourable. However, in general, and in the Global South in particular, there is a dearth of research in this area. This study sought to take the first step in addressing this lack of enquiry, by surveying the attitudes of a general population sample in South Africa towards dating people with physical disabilities, using a vignette. Data from 1723 survey respondents were analysed thematically. Findings reveal largely negative attitudes towards people with physical disabilities. Respondents without disability perceived numerous barriers to dating a person with a physical disability, including social stigma, anxiety and concerns about the burden of care they believed such a relationship would place upon them. However, there was some evidence to suggest that some positive attitudes do exist, and a few respondents were open to dating a person with physical disabilities. Findings contribute to a nuancing and expanding of the ‘myth of asexuality’ among physically disabled people by showing that people with physical disabilities are actively desexualised by persons without disability. Future research is needed to explore how the inclusive attitudes, of which we did find evidence here, can be further cultivated.

Résumé

Il existe de bonnes raisons de croire que l’attitude des personnes sans handicaps concernant des relations avec d’autres personnes ayant un handicap physique peuvent être négatives. Cependant, d’une manière générale, et en particulier dans les pays du Sud, les recherches sur cette question sont rares. Dans une perspective de comblement de ces lacunes, cette étude a exploré les attitudes de personnes composant un échantillon de population générale en Afrique du Sud vis-à-vis de ces éventuelles relations, en s’appuyant sur l’utilisation d’une vignette. Les données sur 1723 répondants à l’enquête ont été analysées dans une approche thématique. Les résultats ont mis en lumière des attitudes largement négatives vis-à-vis des personnes vivant avec un handicap physique. Les répondants sans handicap percevaient de nombreux obstacles à la possibilité de fréquenter des personnes ayant un handicap physique, comprenant le stigma social, l’anxiété et les inquiétudes quant au fardeau de la prise en charge que cette relation pourrait leur mettre entre les mains. Cependant, certaines données ont laissé entrevoir qu’en réalité, il existe des attitudes positives ; de plus, quelques répondants étaient ouverts à l’idée de sortir avec une personne atteinte d’un handicap physique. Les résultats contribuent à nuancer et élargir le « mythe de l’asexualité » chez les personnes vivant avec un handicap physique, en montrant que ces dernières sont activement désexualisées par les personnes sans handicaps. À l’avenir, les recherches devront examiner comment les attitudes plus inclusives, dont l’existence nous a été prouvée ici, peuvent être un peu plus encouragées.

Resumen

Existen buenas razones para creer que las actitudes de personas sin discapacidades con respecto a tener una cita con una persona con discapacidades físicas podrían ser negativas. Sin embargo, siguen faltando en general investigaciones en este campo, especialmente en los países del hemisferio sur. La finalidad de este estudio es ser los primeros en abordar esta carencia de investigaciones, al analizar mediante una viñeta las actitudes de una muestra general de la población de Sudáfrica con respecto a tener una cita con personas con discapacidades físicas. Los datos de un estudio con 1723 participantes fueron analizados por temas. Los resultados indican actitudes en gran parte negativas hacia personas con discapacidades físicas. Los entrevistados sin discapacidad percibían que existían muchas barreras para tener una cita con una persona con discapacidad física, incluyendo el estigma social, ansiedad y las preocupaciones sobre la carga que supondrían los cuidados de la persona si tuviesen una relación de este tipo. Sin embargo, algunas evidencias sugieren que también existen actitudes positivas, y algunos entrevistados estaban dispuestos a tener una cita con una persona con discapacidades físicas. Los resultados contribuyen a matizar y ampliar el “mito de la asexualidad” entre personas con discapacidad física al mostrar que las personas con discapacidades físicas están activamente desexualizadas por personas sin discapacidad. Son necesarios más estudios para explorar en qué medida se pueden seguir cultivando las actitudes de inclusión que hemos podido demostrar aquí.

Acknowledgments

We would like to acknowledge the work of two project research assistants, Gabriele Vilyte and Dzifa Attah for their assistance in the coding of the data in the present analysis.

Notes

1. Garland-Thomson (Citation1997) coins a particularly useful term, ‘the normate’, to refer to the imagined identity position held by those unmarked by identifiers of difference (including disability).

2. isiXhosa and isiZulu are 2 of South Africa’s 11 official languages. These Indigenous languages are spoken mostly by Black South Africans. isiXhosa is the home language of 22.7% of the population and isiZulu, 16%, making these the two largest language groups in the country. Afrikaans is the home language of 13.5% of the population, making it the third largest language group in the country (Statistics South Africa Citation2012).

3. Qualtrics is a survey-management platform.

4. Langa and Khayelitsha are two large, peri-urban settlements on the outskirts of Cape Town in South Africa. Their inhabitants are largely Black African and Xhosa-speaking.

5. The Washington Group Short Set of questions, which is being used in many contexts globally, was used to identify people with disabilities amongst the survey participants. These items measure disability in functional terms and include questions regarding the respondent’s abilities in terms of seeing, hearing, ambulating, cognition, self-care and communication. Response options range from 1 = ‘No – no difficulty, 2 = ‘Yes – some difficulty’, 3 = ‘Yes – a lot of difficulty’ and, finally, 4 = ‘Cannot do at all’.

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