Adolescent boys’ and girls’ perspectives on social norms surrounding child marriage in Nepal

Abstract

According to recent data, in Nepal, 38.2% of women aged 20–24 years are married by the age of 18. This analysis of CARE’s Tipping Point Initiative seeks to compare Nepali adolescent boys’ and girls’ perceptions of empirical and normative expectations around child, early and forced marriage. A baseline survey of 1,134 adolescent girls and 1,154 adolescent boys provided 11 items for descriptive quantitative analysis. Thirty in-depth interviews and 16 focus groups were conducted with young people aged 12–16 years and analysed using modified Grounded Theory. Themes in the data produced thick descriptions of gender roles/responsibilities, employment, mobility and marriage. Comparisons by gender of normative and empirical expectations, and sanctions on child, early and forced marriage were produced. Gender roles/responsibilities underpin social norms for mobility, marriage and employment, and are connected by subthemes with a focus on responsibility for household chores, interaction between unmarried adolescents, education/financial stability, honour/reputation, and parental decision-makers). Participants agreed on gendered labour, women’s employment, and parents as decision-makers. Areas of disagreement included repercussions for interactions between unmarried adolescents, girls’ mobility, attributes of the ideal woman, and maintaining family honour. Programming recommendations include focusing on the inter-relatedness of boys’ and girls’ wellbeing, communication between girls and parents, and structural support for education Research recommendations include identifying factors underlying sexual harassment and constructs of masculinity and femininity.

Keywords:

• Child
• early and forced marriage
• social norms
• adolescents
• gender roles
• South Asia

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes

1 iccdrb partnered with CARE for the Bangladesh version of the Tipping Point Programme’s evaluation and assisted in developing the codebook, which our codebook was based on.

Additional information

Funding

The Nepal Tipping Point Trial is supported through a research grant from the Kendeda Fund to CARE USA and sub-awarded to Emory University (PI Yount, co-PI Clark).