‘We don’t openly discuss these things’: Cultural complexities in teaching about sexuality and HIV in South Africa

Abstract

It is well documented that rates of HIV infection in South Africa are alarmingly high, with approximately 7.5 million people living with HIV in 2021. This study aimed to explore how culture in the form of the values, practices, norms and beliefs prevalent in society influences teaching about sexuality and HIV in South Africa. The study adopted a qualitative, narrative approach and drew on findings from a purposive sample of six further education and training life orientation teachers from six schools in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Data were analysed using thematic analysis and cultural diamond principles. Socio-cultural complexities were found to shape discussion of sexuality and HIV. Five key themes were developed from an analysis of participants’ responses: school guidelines, culture of silence, personal experiences, cultural taboos, and language as a barrier. Findings signal the value of an integrated whole-school approach to the design and delivery of the curriculum involving key stakeholders and the perspectives of parents and religious leaders about the teaching of sexuality and HIV. The national departments of education and health in South Africa should also provide resources and guidelines detailing best practices to assist life orientation teachers.

Keywords:

• Culture
• cultural practices
• HIV
• teachers
• South Africa

Acknowledgements

We thank the six life orientation teachers for their participation in this study. We also thank Debbie Turrell for help with editing and the two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments on an earlier draft of this paper.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflicts of interest were reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by a South African Department of Science & Technology -National Research Foundation Innovation Grant (Number: 107722).