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Notes
1. This category is aimed at those who identify as culturally Irish. The Census includes a question about country of birth which enables the enumeration of the Irish-born. However, it is interesting to note that those identifying as culturally Irish (migrant and subsequent generations) are assumed to identify as ‘white’.
1. Much psychotherapy research, using meta-analysis of underlying factors, which are more powerful in explaining change, has moved from an emphasis on symptom and technique (person as object of help) to an emphasis on the person as subject of help. Such research points out effective patterns in the relational bond. Clients need to see themselves as moving and thus actively working on a problem. Therapists should exhibit active and positive behaviour in relation to tasks. The relational bond needs to be experienced as one of intimate, warm, emotionally absorbing involvement. Clients need to be able to talk about themselves in a concrete, responsive way, but attuned to their immediate inner experiences. Out of a mutual attunement to the importance of their experiences there grow shared meanings in the helping relationship. For a review of meta-analyses of 30 years of psychotherapy research, see Orlinsky et al. (1994).
2. A good discussion of methods and process in social work compatible with the book's approach can be found in Shulman (1999).
3. See Ainsworth et al. (1978) and considerable further research on attachment (e.g. Wampler et al., 2004).
4. For a discussion of this theoretical base and a model for social work practice with families see Constable and Lee (2004).
5. The same general model has been extended to social work in health care (Carlton, 1984) and to education (see Constable et al., 2002).