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Articles

Discretionary approaches to social workers’ personalisation of activation services for long-term welfare recipients

Sosialarbeideres skjønnsutøvelse: Tilnærminger til individuell tilpasning av aktiveringstjenester for arbeidsmarginale personer

Pages 536-547 | Published online: 28 Jun 2016
 

ABSTRACT

Contemporary social policies emphasise labour market inclusion of vulnerable groups through personalisation of activation services. This article investigates social workers’ decision-making when personalising activation measures to suit each client. Data consist of case files for 16 clients participating in a Norwegian activation scheme, and interviews with the clients’ designated social workers. Using Bakhtin’s theory of dialogism, the article examines what the social workers consider in their decision-making process and the pivotal factors in their conclusions. Findings show that social workers employ two distinct approaches to personalisation, which have significantly different implications for clients’ pathways towards labour market inclusion. The first approach concentrates on clients’ personal challenges, while the second focuses on feasible short-term employment strategies. The study demonstrates how institutional and political frameworks may lead to social workers’ posing activation requirements inconsistent with clients’ needs and capabilities. It suggests further research into these interrelations to improve social workers’ ability to adapt services to individual clients.

SAMMENDRAG

Velferdspolitikk overfor arbeidsløse er innrettet på å oppnå arbeidsinkludering av stadig mer marginale grupper, gjennom individuelt tilpassede tjenester. Denne artikkelen er en studie av sosialarbeideres skjønnsutøvelse når de tilbyr aktiveringstjenester til personer langt fra arbeidsmarkedet. Data består av journaler for 16 deltakere i NAVs kvalifiseringsprogram, og intervjuer med deres sosialarbeidere. Ved hjelp av Bakhtins teori om dialogisme, undersøker artikkelen hva sosialarbeidere tillegger betydning, og hva som gjøres utslagsgivende for deres beslutninger. Funnene viser at sosialarbeiderne benytter to distinkt forskjellige strategier når de utøver skjønn, som har store konsekvenser for deltakernes forløp mot arbeidsinkludering. Den første konsentreres om de arbeidsløses personlige utfordringer, mens den andre retter seg mot mulige kortsiktige strategier for å oppnå arbeid. Studien viser hvordan institusjonelle og politiske rammeverk kan føre til at sosialarbeiderne stiller aktiveringskrav eller tilbyr tjenester som har varierende samsvar med de arbeidsløses forutsetninger. Den påpeker behov for ytterligere forskning på forbindelsene mellom politiske og institusjonelle forutsetninger og skjønnsutøvelse i sosialt arbeid, for å tilrettelegge for individuelt tilpassede tjenester.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes on contributor

Ida Solvang is a Ph.D. candidate in social work and social policy at Oslo and Akershus University College. She has previous experience from street-level work with social assistance benefits, and from related policy-making bodies. Her research interests include discretion in social work, and the interrelation between social policy objectives and social work practice.

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