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Articles

Deinstitutionalisation and recommunalisation in Estonia and Hungary: a tale of two states

Deinstitutsionaliseerimine ja taaskogukonnastamine Eestis ja Ungaris: kahe riigi lugu

Intézmény férőhely kiváltás és a közösségi terek visszaszerzése Észtországban és Magyarországon: két ország története

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Pages 964-977 | Published online: 10 Dec 2020
 

ABSTRACT

When it comes to changes in patterns of care in Central and Eastern Europe, one of the most noteworthy to arise has been that of the shift in patterns of care and living for people with disabilities. Typically, this involves a transition from large-scale residential institutions to a variety of smaller placements and living places in the community. This article offers for consideration two case studies from Central and Eastern Europe, namely Estonia and Hungary. The authors delineate the principal arguments and interests shaping the differing processes of deinstitutionalisation to be found in these two countries, including stakeholder perceptions. As well as seeking to account for this variation exists in Estonia and Hungary, the authors contend that while this process is usually termed ‘deinstitutionalisation’, it also needs to be perceived as a reclaiming and regaining of community spaces by people with disabilities, effectively involving a process of ‘re-communalisation’. It is also suggested that policymakers and other stakeholders have much to learn from such comparisons, especially for adopting more inclusive visions of deinstitutionalisation

ABSTRAKT

Analüüsides muutuseid Kesk- ja Ida-Euroopa hoolekande mustrites kerkib ühena märkimisväärseimatest esile muutus puudega inimeste hoolekande ja elukorralduse mustrites. Tavapäraselt hõlmab käsitlus üleminekut suurte hoolekandeasutuste põhisest hoolekandest väiksematele mitmekesistele teenustele ja iseseisvast elamise lahendustele kogukonnas. Artikkel pakub aruteluks kaks juhtumianalüüsi Kesk- ja Ida-Euroopast, täpsemalt Eestist ja Ungarist. Autorid toovad esile deinstitutsionaliseerimise erinevaid protsesse vorminud põhimõttelised argumendid ja huvid nendes kahes riigis, sealhulgas erinevate huvigruppide positsioonid. Võttes samaaegselt arvesse Eestis ja Ungari erisusi on autorid seisukohal, et „deinstitutsionaliseerimise“ nime kandvat protsessi tuleb seda mõista ja vaadelda kui ühiskondliku ruumi tagasi nõudmist ja hõivamist puudega inimeste poolt taaskogukonnastamise protsessis.

ABSZTRAKT

Közép-Kelet Európa szociális ellátórendszereit vizsgálva elmozdulást figyelhetünk meg a fogyatékos személyek gondozása és lakhatása vonatkozásában. Tipikusan ez magában foglalja az átalakulást a nagy létszámú bentlakásos intézmények irányából a kisebb létszámú és a közösségi lakhatási formák felé. A tanulmány két esettanulmányt tartalmaz Közép-Kelet Európából, Észtországból és Magyarországból. A szerzők bemutatják a fő diskurzusokat és érdekeket, amelyek a két ország eltérő intézményi férőhely kiváltási folyamatit formálják. A szerzők azon kívül, hogy feltárják a két ország közötti különbségek hátterét, hangsúlyozzák, hogy az intézményi férőhely kiváltás fogalma fontos, hogy kiterjedjen a közösségi terek visszaszerzésére is, ami magában foglalja az „újra közösségivé tétel” folyamatát is.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Correction Statement

This article has been republished with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.

Notes

1 The article was prepared within the framework of the Basic Research Program of the HSE University Basic Research Program and funded by the Russian Academic Excellence Project ‘5–100’.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Rait Kuuse

Rait Kuuse University degree in social work in 2002 and he is currently a doctoral student at the University of Tallinn on the subject of deinstitutionalisation policies. He has been working since 1999 in the public sector, since 2014 as a Deputy Secretary General on social policy in the Ministry of Social Affairs. Throughout his career, studies and international activities, he has had a special interest towards community-based solutions and challenged practices of closed facilities.

Kondor Zsuzsa

Kondor Zsuzsa PhD, assistant professor at Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary. She has worked in the field of disability studies since 2012. Her main research topic is deinstitutionalization and community based social services of people with disability.

Mike Titterton

Mike Titterton, PhD, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, an international development expert. He works with donors, governments and NGOs on policies and interventions to promote the inclusion of vulnerable groups. Mike was formerly the director of Health and Life for Everyone, an international social enterprise working with children and adults at risk of harm. He was recently Visiting Professor at Kazakhstan National Medical University and Knowledge Exchange Fellow at the University of Edinburgh.

Zsolt Bugarszki

Zsolt Bugarszki, PhD. expert of social policy. He has spent more than 20 years with the development of community-based mental health services in different Eastern-European and Post-Soviet countries and lately in Estonia he works on innovative solutions how to use modern technology, ICT tools and economic models to support vulnerable people in the community. He leads the Social Entrepreneurship MA program of Tallinn University following the project-based learning method.

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